The Father s Influence The Kite Runner - 1055 Words

Juan Benitez Mrs.Desousa EN200 2/6/2017 The Father s Influence In the Kite Runner, Amir’s biggest flaw is his jealousy of Hassan and how his jealousy turned into action. His jealousy manifested into anger and many other emotions. It is also an important aspect that he kept that feeling inside of him for years without telling a single person. The more you keep a feeling inside of you the more in manifests inside and the longer it stays in your head the more time it eats you up. This feeling serves as a reason for Hassan’s sins and motivates him to do the things that he does. His sense of wanting for Baba s approval also came from this aspect. Amir has always wanted to be like Hassan was to his father at a young age. It is this feeling of†¦show more content†¦I lifted Hassan’s mattress and planted my new watch and the handful of afghan bills under it†(Hosseini 104). This passage from the novel shows how Amir s jealousy of Hassan had reached a breaking point to an extent where he setup Hassan to leave Babaâ€℠¢s house which would ultimately led to his death at the end of the novel. These actions greatly exemplify Amir’s jealousy turning into action identifies as his greatest sin. Although Amir’s sins seem harsh and cruel, Amir makes an effort to try to make things right. His catalyst for trying to make these actions and inactions right is to save Sohrab, Hassan s son, and take him back to america. It was a long journey but he ended up being successful. Due to Hassan’s death the last thing Amir could do to try to redeem himself is to save Sohrab from the Taliban and take him back to america. Also this last chance given by Rahim Khan motivates Amir to make things right as he finally has chance to redeem himself of his mistakes of the past and possibly cure this inner jealousy within him hidden inside of him from all these years, Even of the sins committed by Amir, in the end he ends up redeeming himself and forgiving himself for what he did to Hassan as he was a child. The actions he did to redeem himself greatly exceed the sins he has done to Hassan as a child. Amir risking his life for aShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of The Kite Runner1090 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 2017 Consequences of War: A Critical Analysis of the Kite Runner On a day to day basis, an individual is faced with an obstacle they must overcome, ultimately defining their morals and values. In the literature perspective, the novel The Kite Runner delivers multiple thematic ideas that portray the struggles of characters in their ordinary lives. Khaled Hosseini, author and physician, released his debut novel The Kite Runner in the year of 2003. This novel is written in the first personRead MoreSummary Of The Kite Runner 1196 Words   |  5 PagesSauveur World Literature II 20 November 2015 Mrs. Hogan Kite Runner Essay Amir: Lost In Fear Over the duration of history, it has been shown that guilt not brought to light can do little in the name of personal redemption. Moreover, this is clearly connected with and related to Khaled Hosseini s fantastic novel The Kite Runner, one of which describes as well as shows the thoughts and actions of teens through the story s main character, Amir, and his many adventures as an upset adultRead MoreShort Story : The Kite Runner 1246 Words   |  5 Pages 20 November 2015 Mrs. Hogan Kite Runner Essay Amir: Lost In Fear Over the duration of history, it has been shown that guilt not brought to light can do little in the name of personal redemption. Moreover, this is clearly connected with and related to Khaled Hosseini s fantastic novel The Kite Runner, one of which describes as well as shows the thoughts and actions of teens through the story s main character, Amir, and his many adventures as an upsetRead MoreReligion Is A Cultural System Of Behaviors, Practices, And Moral Standards1552 Words   |  7 Pagesreligion, religion permeates the fabric of our existence by it’s influence on legal systems, nation’s policies, and moral standards (Religion stats). Making up 23% of the world population, the Muslim religion is divided into two sects: Sunni and Shi’a. The separation of the Muslim religion is the longest and largest division in the history of Islam (BBC). Furthermore, the split of religions is exemplified through the characters in The Kite Runner. Amir, the main character an d narrator, describes religionRead MoreAnalysis Of Purple Hibiscus By Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie And The Kite Runner 1822 Words   |  8 PagesAdichie and The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini the main character, Amir and Kambili respectively, both show great development and change over the course of the Novels, they both change in their self-perception, how they handle themselves and interact with others, and how they utilize faith. Over the course of the book each character grew into their own and changing entirely their self-perception, and how they act based on self-perception. At the beginning of the kite runner Amir sees himselfRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1296 Words   |  6 PagesIn the End In The Kite Runner, a novel by Khaled Hosseini, the main character Amir is a non-athletic intellectual boy who enjoys stories and flying kites. His servant and friend Hassan has an uncanny gift for knowing where downed kites have fallen and therefore can fetch a kite quite quickly and efficiently. In the beginning of the novel, Amir thinks back on how he became such a troubled adult. Reflecting on his childhood, he contemplates how he had been scared to stand up for others. He had beenRead MoreAnalysis Of Khaled Hosseini s The Kite Runner 2073 Words   |  9 Pagesheart necklaces or pendants or carved your names into a tree. In Khaled Hosseini s The Kite Runner, two kids, Amir, and Hassan seem to have a strong friendship, represented in their names carved into a pomegranate tree. However, Amir reveals weakness in their friendship when he betrays Hassan by not intervening when the town bully, Assef, sexually assaults Hassan. In Mindset: The New Psychology of Success, Carol S. Dweck describes two types of mindsets. One is the fixed mindset, which is the beliefRead MoreThe Kite Runner1867 Words   |  8 PagesThe main protagonists in A Complicated Kindness and The Kite Runner convey that identities are socially constructed. Identity is shaped through the following factors: parenting, conflict, culture, gender, and genetics. These factors all intertwine and are the main influencers for shaping the protagonists identity. This is formed by the people that surround a person, their cultural stereotypes, how they teach others, and how a person learns. This essay will discuss how these factor effect identityRead MoreNarrative Assignment : A Taxi Cab1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe premise is that the taxi driver is an eastern European immigrant in a college town, waiting to receive a call and when he does it is a young, drunk, male college student. The idea is that the taxi driver comes from an impoverished town, with influence from the decaying conditions of Eastern U kraine from Russia. He is a middle-aged man with a wife and kids who come to the town (based entirely on London) to seek better living conditions than his previous home. He seems to be a cheerful characterRead MoreJsdgflka3918 Words   |  16 Pagesinformation about this in the attendance section below. Texts and Related Films 1) So Long a Letter, novel (1979), by Mariama Bà ¢ (Senegal), and Xala, film (1974), written and directed by Ousmane Sembà ¨ne (Senegal). 2) The Kite Runner, novel (2003), by Khaled Hosseini (Afghanistan-United States), and Incendies, film (2010), written and directed by Denis Villeneuve (Canada), based on the play by Wajdi Mouawad (Lebanon-Canada) 3) Atonement, novel (2001), by Ian McEwan (England)

Racism And The Education System Essay - 937 Words

My study displays how people from several categories have differing opinions about racists teaching in the education system. It can help determine peoples’ attitudes toward race in the schools. However, there were some of the limitations to my study. One was that I could not interview and interact with the respondents personally. I was not able to ask in depth questions as to why people felt a certain way about racist teachers. Also, I wanted to know if the respondents surveyed ever had any interaction with a teacher that was deemed to have racist attitudes towards them or a family member. It would have been nice to study the information based on location of the respondents polled. This would further help understand the attitudes people have towards race based off of geographical location. There are some behaviors that people perceive to be racist and talking with people individually would help get all of this information. I ran multiple cross-tabulations to help me in my stu dy on allowing racist teachers in the education system. These were using the independent variable allowing racist to teach and the dependent variables, education, race and sex. The cross-tabulation that was ran on education of the respondents with a high school education 47.2% compared to people with less than high school 46.1% are more in favor of allowing racists to teach. However, people with a graduate degree 62.2% are more in favor of allowing racists to teach compare to people with a collegeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Racism and White Privilege in the Education System3426 Words   |  14 Pagesof whites now believe discrimination against racial minorities no longer exists. (Gallagher, 96) Color-blindness allows a white person to define himself or herself as politically and racially tolerant and then proclaim their adherence to a belief system that does not see or judge individuals by the â€Å"color of their skin.† (Gallagher, 98) Many Caucasians in particular are of the opinion that because they listen to hip-hop or cheer for their favorite black, professional sports player that they are notRead MoreThe Problems Within The Education System989 W ords   |  4 Pages Racism unfortunately can be seen in almost all aspects of life, and the presence it has in education is detrimental to minorities during vital stages in their life. Not only does this lack of education affect obvious things such as a person s future career, but it also affects their psychology and causes them to be more likely to make poor decisions during their life. Not only do you see racism in most levels of education, but you also see it somewhat taught in the classrooms as wellRead MoreInstitutional Racism : An Excuse Or A Reality?1504 Words   |  7 Pages18 December 2014 Institutional Racism: An Excuse or a Reality? Take a step into the tragic period between the 1940s and ’60s and imagine how prevalent racism was at the time. In a historic period during the Civil Rights movement and even later, how would we portray racism within America? Was it in its beginning stages? Or had it hit its highest point? It’s commonly known that racism was at its height around these intimidating moments. However, when compared to racism in America this last decade,Read MoreInstitutional Racism And Integration Of Diverse Policies918 Words   |  4 PagesSolution #1 Understanding the History of Institutional Racism and Integration of Diverse Policies Institutional Racism (also known as Institutionalized Racism) is a system of unequal policies placed in social and political institutions based on race. The organizations are commonly comprised within government, education, and a judicial form of injustice that fails to offer the same goods and services to those of color and provides fewer opportunities within these entities of society. The term wasRead MoreProblems with Ethnicity and Race in the Classroom855 Words   |  3 PagesEDUC 1104: Ethnicity and Race remain significant problems in today’s British education system. Discuss. In today’s British education system there still are significant problems regarding ethnicity and race. The problems include the idea that specific races are not doing as well as their counterparts even though they may be taught in the same way yet there are suggestions to say that the education system is institutionally racist. Can this explain why some races do better than other races? EthnicityRead MoreCritical Race Theory And Method : Counter Storytelling843 Words   |  4 Pagesunder the educational system. In order to understand more about their experiences, the authors divided the reading into three different steps. First of all, they defined the meaning of critical race theory. This theory help provide more information about the oppressions towards the minorities within the society; after that policies can be adjusted based on individual and societal perspective. An essential quote from the article is â€Å"critical race theory in graduate education is to develop a theoreticalRead MoreAfrican Americans : A Racially Equal Society1613 Words   |  7 PagesSystemtic and Institutional Racism Margo Newkirk ENG 122: English Composition II Andrea Collins August 29, 2016 A racially equal society is one whereby individuals are not likely or more likely to receive certain benefits given that they belong to a particular racial group. This would be an ideal society given that the current American society is characterized by institutional and systemic racism. Institutional racism can be defined as institutional practices and other aspects of government suchRead MoreGrowing Up As A Latino Child1678 Words   |  7 Pagesupholding of a system of advantage based on race. Specifically, racism is a system of advantage that continues to be perpetuated in the education system through ignorance and lack of information, which is affecting society through violence and inequality. In her essay â€Å"Defining Racism: Can We Talk?,† Beverly Daniel Tatum writes about racism being a system of advantage in which white people are the superior race. Additionally, Tatum emphasizes that the perpetuation of this system is a result ofRead MoreThe Racism Of African Americans959 Words   |  4 PagesThe embedment of racism into American society has created severe disadvantages for African Americans. In addition to the negative effects of individual racism, systemic racism s crushing discrimination has devastated the African Americans in this country. Due to the horrors of systemic racism many African Americans find themselves at economic and social disadvantages. The education opportunities they encounter are far more limited than the ones White Americans do. As a result, African AmericansRead MoreRacism in the Twenty-First Century888 Words   |  4 PagesRacism in the 21st Century As the 2008 presidential election proceeded to break racial barriers in America, many people have come to believe that racism in America no longer exists since we now have a Black president. However, This could not be anything further from the truth. When many people think of racism, they think of blunt discriminatory actions made against people of color. Thoughts of segregation and the Ku Klux Klan probably come to mind when people envision what racism may look like.

Determinants of Acceptance of Islamic Banking Products and Services

Question: Discuss about the Determinants of Acceptance of Islamic Banking Products and Services among students at the International University of Malay -Wales. Answer: Theoretical Framework The current segment elucidates in detail the framework or the structure that can help in supporting the theory of this research study under consideration. Therefore, this theoretical framework formally introduces and explicitly illustrates the theory that explains the reason why the specific research problem under consideration exists (Seyed-Javadin et al., 2014). The present study shows that the concern is essentially determination of the primary factors that lead to the acceptance of Islamic banking products as well as services among the students in at the International University of Malaya, Wales. Awareness, comprehension and perception of individuals towards the Islamic banking products in Malaysia can help in building the attitude and image of the individuals towards Islamic banking. In addition to this, availability of different products as well as services together with religious obligation can be considered to be important factors that can be considered to be factors/determinants of acceptance of the said product. Founded on the review of the academic literature, it can be said that majority of individuals in Malaysia are not conscious of Islamic banking. Even they are conscious of Islamic banking they exactly do not in fact understand the overall operations of Islamic banks (Lujja et al., 2016). However, comprehensible understanding o f consumer awareness, understanding and perceptions can assist the Islamic financial institutions to generate apt marketing stratagems to assume a greater share of the financial market. In essence, this is because awareness, understanding as well as perceptions are necessarily the foundation of utilization of Islamic banking products as well as services. Again, if people are not conscious and do not understand properly about different Islamic banking products and they would not adopt initiative to adopt specific Islamic banking products. Therefore, in a bid to attract more number of people to accept different products of Islamic banking, it is feasible to go back to mainly the roots of the trouble that can help in determination of factors that direct people to utilize Islamic banking products as well as services. Lujja et al., (2016) asserts that Islamic banks have to be make certain that their clients can understand their principles of operation otherwise the clients might have pos t-purchase difference of opinion. In this study, it is imperative to understand the characteristics of Islamic banking that is generally referred to as the interest free banking else wise risk sharing banking. Islamic banking has developed and grown to different parts of the world and therefore is not limited to only the nations with majority of Muslim populations. Therefore, religious obligation is a very important factor that needs to be examined as an influencing factor behind acceptance of Islamic banking products. Researchers have explored significant variances in opinion among different races towards Islamic banking. Again, prior studies reveal that Islamic banking products have certain differences from the conventional ones as per the Shariah principle (Jinjiri Ringim, 2014). Therefore, consciousness as regards the varied products made available by these banks might also be considered as important factor behind acceptance of students in Malaysia. In addition to this, prior studies also reflect different factor s that help in developing the image as well as perception of individuals towards Islamic banking. It can hereby said that image as well as perception of Islamic banking in Malaysia can be referred to as the condensed view that these banks mirror founded on the Islamic Shariah regulations. Validity Test The internal validity of the survey is tested with the help of Cronbachs alpha. Cronbach alpha is one of the most commonly test used to test the internal consistency of the variables (Field, 2013). The value of Cronbachs Alpha value should be equal to or more than 0.7 to maintain the internal consistency (reliability) of the variables. In order to analyze the survey response all the 175 responses of 16 questions were tested with Cronbachs alpha. The overall Cronbachs Alpha has a value of 0.959, signifying a high amount of internal consistency of the variables (table 1). Table 1: Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .959 16 Table 2: Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted I have sound k2wledge on what constitutes riba. 56.5543 130.088 .636 .959 I have firm belief that the Islamic banking products and services available in the market are free from elements prohibited by Shariah. 56.4686 129.722 .747 .957 A 1 should avoid conventional financial system and products which are Shariah 2n-compliant. 56.4800 129.010 .711 .958 A 1 should support the Shariah-based financial system and products. 56.3029 131.661 .705 .957 Islamic banks staff in Malaysia are always ready and willing to provide prompt and effective services to customers. 56.4057 129.231 .827 .955 Islamic banks in Malaysia provide good range of savings, investment, financing, card and wealthmanagement products to customers. 56.3257 130.198 .823 .956 Islamic banks in Malaysia ensure convenience to customers by providing sufficient physical facilities such as branches, parking lots etc. 56.4114 129.646 .805 .956 Islamic banks in Malaysia ensure convenience to customers by providing sufficient internet banking-related facilities. 56.3600 130.956 .778 .956 Islamic banks in Malaysia generally provide customers with true and accurate information. 56.4114 130.140 .798 .956 Islamic banks in Malaysia have had strong financial performance in recent years. 56.4171 131.796 .747 .957 Islamic banks in Malaysia are well advertised in the media. 56.5086 132.148 .605 .960 I believe that the Islamic banks in Malaysia have secure systems in place to protect customers confidentiality and privacy. 56.4057 129.116 .839 .955 I am keen towards the Islamic banks savings and investment products such as current, savings and Mudharabah Investment accounts. 56.3371 130.662 .759 .957 I am keen towards the Islamic banks financing products such as home, vehicle and personal financings. 56.3829 128.962 .807 .956 I am keen towards the Islamic banks card products such as debit, credit and charge cards. 56.3829 129.491 .787 .956 I am keen towards the Islamic banks wealthmanagement products such as bancatakaful, estate planning and ar-Rahnu. 56.4171 129.130 .780 .956 Table 2 presents the item total statistics for the 16 variables. The last column of the table shows the value of Cronbachs alpha when the item (variable) has been deleted. From the values it is seen that the value for the variable Islamic banks in Malaysia are well advertised in the media is 0.960. This means that the response to the variable is not reliable. Hence the variable should be deleted to maintain the internal consistency of the responses. The response to all the variables for item total statistics to be less than or equal to 0.959. Thus, there is a high amount of internal consistency amongst the other 15 variables. References Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (1st ed.). SAGE. Jinjiri Ringim, K. (2014). Perception of Nigerian Muslim account holders in conventional banks toward Islamic banking products.International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management,7(3), 288-305. Lujja, S., Lujja, S., Omar Mohammad, M., Omar Mohammad, M., Hassan, R., Hassan, R. (2016). Modelling public behavioral intention to adopt Islamic banking in Uganda: the theory of reasoned action.International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management,9(4), 583-600. Seyed-Javadin, S. R., Raei, R., Iravani, M. J., Safari, M. (2014). Presenting a conceptual model to explain the role of strategic management and planning in Islamic banking competitiveness.International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences,26, 46-56.

My Lai 4 A Book Report Essays - My Lai Massacre, William Calley

My Lai 4: A Book Report On March 16, 1968, "Charlie Company" was sent into a small Viet Cong village called (by the U.S.) My Lai 4. Their instructions by commanding officers were: "... kill every man, woman, child and animal in the village. Burn all the homes .... nothing should be walking, growing or crawling." Orders were followed, and as I read the first 65 pages of this book, I was exposed to the detailed death of 306 civilians, mostly women, small children, and old people. There was no threat to any American GIs ... there were no Viet Cong Solders in the area. I read of the rape of a 14 year old girl by twenty GIs ... in front of the parents. They were all shot after the GIs were "done with their business." This was only one of many. Most of the murders were conducted, BY ORDER OF OFFICERS, to round-up the families from their homes, forced into ditches, and shot. Women dove to cover their children. Later, children just old enough to walk crawled out from under their mutilated mothers' bodies, only to be shot as target practice by the GIs. It is later estimated that approximately 500 civilians were murdered, and (probably) no VC were in the area. I could go into detail about the killing. However, most of the book was devoted to the time before the massacre, and afterward. The officers and GIs of "Charlie Company" were introduced in the beginning of the book: the officers had been social outcasts all their life (LT. Calley Both had decided to devote their life to the military. The GIs were selected for "Charlie Company" specifically because they had all scored too low on the initial exam to be put into a regular battalions. After the massacre, nothing was done. As a matter of fact, "Charlie Company" was praised for having the "most kills" in one day. By late 1969, most of the GIs in Charlie Company were civilians again, and a few began to tell what they had seen (and participated in). A Government Investigation was called against Lt. Calley (who ordered, and participated in the murders). Some of the photographs from the massacre were published. You wouldn't believe what the civilian response was! The overwhelming public response was to drop the charges; they thought that there was nothing wrong with the massacre, OR they didn't believe it really happened. As a matter of fact, Lt. Calley had become a hero as an AMERICAN! There was a hugely- supported donation drive to pay for Calley's legal fees. The final outcome: nothing. Calley was demoted to a Army "Office Job" after the murders were proved. The soldiers of Charlie Company went on with life, most of whom are/were suffering mental disorders from the scaring event. Calley's officer above him (who REALLY gave the initial orders) was never investigated, though it was proven that he also participated in the massacre. The author, Seymour M. Hersh, wrote (I read that book 3 years ago), which is credited with having a major influence on this country's decision to stop production of biological weapons. Mr. Hersh began his journalism career as a police reporter for the city news bureau in Chicago, and later covered the Pentagon for the Associated Press. Mr. Hersh was press secretary for the Senator Eugene McCarthy early in his campaign for Democratic Presidential nomination. He won a special George Polk Memorial Award in February, 1970, and the Worth Bengham Prize in March, 1970, for his reporting on the My Lai 4 massacre. He is married and lives in Washington, D.C. As I have read 2 books by this man, I feel that he provides some really good, controversial information. He has obviously done a lot of studying. From the information I could find on him, I cannot determine if he has had any past occurrences that motivated him to find out about atrocities of war. However, he may be like me .... and has a bit of compassion for others, and hates to see others hurt by unnecessary wars! In the preface of this book, Mr Hersh made a point to outline his sources. Everything

Free Essays on Allegory

â€Å"put up† are an interesting word choice used by the author. Most of the time you hear â€Å"put up† placed in sentences like- â€Å"I put up X amount of dollars to bail so and so out of jail,† or â€Å"I put up X amount of dollars on that football team.† These are risky expenditures, not things that you’d like to purchase. Five dollars isn’t per say a whole lot to risk one way or another. The author is implying that there is a â€Å"cheapness† about Las Vegas weddings, not only in a literal sense but a physical sense also. A great deal of the Las Vegas wedding business is based on marketing, much like you would experien... Free Essays on Allegory Free Essays on Allegory Allegory â€Å"Marrying Absurd† is an article written by Joan Didion in 1967, for a magazine called the Saturday Evening Post. Didion portrays exactly how ludicrous the marriage â€Å"industry† has become in Las Vegas. The reader is lead to see the cheapness of the Las Vegas industry. Las Vegas has managed to make a mockery of the sanctity of marriage. This city has managed to take something that should be sacred and turn it into nothing more than a monetary convenience. Didion opens with this statement: â€Å"To be married in Las Vegas, Clark County, Nevada, a bride must swear that she is eighteen or has parental permission and a bridegroom that he is twenty-one or has parental permission.† The author expresses concern about the lack of requirements necessary to be married. It is similar to going to a fast food restaurant’s drive-thru, except, instead of leaving with a burger and fries, you’re leaving with a new spouse. There is no blood testing needed or waiting period. In actuality it takes more proof and time to become a new member at a movie store. Didion sarcastically goes on to say that â€Å"Someone must put up five dollars for the license.† Not only is Didion letting us know the inexpensiveness of the wedding, but her choice of words allow us to feel the impersonal meaning. The words â€Å"put up† are an interesting word choice used by the author. Most of the time you hear â€Å"put up† placed in sentences like- â€Å"I put up X amount of dollars to bail so and so out of jail,† or â€Å"I put up X amount of dollars on that football team.† These are risky expenditures, not things that you’d like to purchase. Five dollars isn’t per say a whole lot to risk one way or another. The author is implying that there is a â€Å"cheapness† about Las Vegas weddings, not only in a literal sense but a physical sense also. A great deal of the Las Vegas wedding business is based on marketing, much like you would experien...

Famous Education Quotes

Famous Education Quotes Education is the bedrock of social and economic development. Throughout history, philosophers like Aristotle and Plato recognized the importance of education. Use these famous education quotes to inspire others to follow the path of knowledge. It is only through education that we can hope to eradicate social evils. Quotes About Formal Education Some of the greatest thinkers believe that access to formal education is the key to equality and social justice. Many of those thinkers, including Horace Mann and Thomas Jefferson, founded schools and universities to provide the type of education they espoused. Here are some of their thoughts on formal education. Horace MannEducation, then, beyond all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men, the balance-wheel of the social machinery.AristotleThe roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.Thomas JeffersonBigotry is the disease of ignorance, of morbid minds; enthusiasm of the free and buoyant. Education and free discussion are the antidotes of both.Benjamin FranklinGenius without education is like silver in the mine.Helen Keller  The highest result of education is tolerance.Victor HugoHe who opens a school door closes a prison.Malala Yousafzaiâ€Å"One child, one teacher, one book, one pen can change the world.†Ã‚  Nelson Mandela   Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. Quotes About Informal Learning Many great thinkers believe that formal learning in a school setting is less valuable than experience and informal learning. Some even believe that formal education can slow down or warp the process of discovery and learning. Here are some of their thoughts. Jim Rohn  Ã‚  Formal education will make you a living; self-education will make you a fortune.Albert Einstein  Education is what remains after one has forgotten everything he learned in school.Oscar Wilde  Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that nothing that is worth knowing can be taught.Galileo Galilei  You cannot teach a man anything, you can only help him find it within himself.†Ã‚   Quotes About Teachers and Teaching Teaching has always been considered one of the most important professions. Over time, the actual day to day experience of teaching and learning has changed. The basic purpose and outcome, however, remain the same. C. S. LewisThe task of the modern educator is not to cut down jungles but to irrigate deserts.Henry Brooks AdamsA teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops.Ralph Waldo Emerson  The secret in education lies in respecting the student.William Arthur Wardâ€Å"The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires.†Ã‚  Nikos Kazantzakisâ€Å"True teachers are those who use themselves as bridges over which they invite their students to cross; then, having facilitated their crossing, joyfully collapse, encouraging them to create their   own.†Ã‚  Aristotleâ€Å"Those who know, do. Those that understand, teach.†Ã‚  Henry Brooks AdamsTeachers affect eternity; no one can tell where their influence stops.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Essay Example This essay analyzes and explains satirical elements in Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Analysis A large aspect of Mark Twain’s satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is through the satirizing of religion. Such types of satire take place in a large variety of ways throughout the book. The first instance occurs during the opening chapter when Widow Douglas reads to Huckleberry Finn from the Bible. Huck states, â€Å"After supper she got out her book and learned me about Moses and the Bulrushers, and I was in a sweat to find out all about him; but by and by she let it out that Moses had been dead a considerable long time; so then I didn't care no more about him, because I don't take no stock in dead people† (Twain, p. 3). Here Huck is showing that while he was at first interested in Moses, after discovering that Moses is dead he lost interest. Here Twain is using quiet irony as a means of satirizing religion. For Huck Moses is not appreciated for his religious significance for freeing the Jews from Egypt or receiving the Ten Commandments, but instead is only interested in Moses for the real life adventure story. In a sense this is Twain’s way of demonstrating that he holds no real interest in religion. For Huck the rejection of religion assumes a variety of ways. Huck also rejects having to pray before meals and calls it grumbling. When Huck hears about Hell he responds that he would like to go there, as he doesn’t understand what the point in going to good places is. While Huck’s understanding of religion is presented as ignorance, it’s clear that Twain implements this as a humorous critique of religion. Another prominent example where Twain satirizes religion occurs when Jim and Huck escape and spend time on an island. In large part the island is a dystopian version of the Garden of Eden. Twain is indirectly mocking the nature of such a mystical land, as well as criticizing the nature of sla very, as Jim has to retreat to this island as a means of achieving freedom. One clearly witnesses the religious imagery when the rattlesnake bites Jim. In a sense this is Twain’s way of indicating that the nature of the social situation is ultimately tainted by backward policies and immorality. In addition to Huck’s interactions with Widow Douglas religion is satirized in many ways throughout the book. One such example occurs as Huck talks to Miss Watson. During his discussions with Miss Watson she presents a version of God as mean and angry. This version of God is in direct contrast to Widow Doulgas’ version of God as loving and accepting. This leads Huck to claim that there are two Gods and that he wants to follow Window Douglas’ God. Through such comparisons and irony, Twain is demonstrating the oftentimes nonsense ways of religion. Huck also talks about prayer. He states, â€Å"Miss Watson she took me in the closet and prayed, but nothing come of it. She told me to pray every day, and whatever I asked for I would get it. But it warn't so. I tried it. Once I got a fish-line, but no hooks† (Twain, p. 15). Here Twain is satirizing the nature of prayer, as many people pray as they expect God to help them or change something in their lives. Rather than praying for something important, Huck prays for fishing material; this is a way for Twain to use subtlety to mock the

Enterprise entrepreneurial management Assignment

Enterprise entrepreneurial management - Assignment Example The business planning process – a critical appraisal The typical business planning process may be actually helpful as it aims to convey objectives and missions of the organization to its employees. But, there are several researchers who argue that the entrepreneur should rely on his experience and intuitions rather than waste time on the business planning process. This is because researchers argue that planning may not be successful in the uncertain conditions surrounding the formation of business (Delmar & Shane 2003). Moreover, each component of the business planning process has its own setbacks. Let us analyze each component and find out in what way a business plan can pose as a hindrance. Generating an idea The basic step of a business planning process is to generate an idea. A new venture has to first ascertain the product or the service which it will provide. Most organizations come out with new ideas for a product or a service depending on the data collected from potent ial and current customers. This kind of customer focused process is solely dependent on the information given by customers. However the response given by these people has limitation with reference to the environment and current experience. Hence there may be a discrepancy in the idea generated (Lilien et al. 2002). This may pose as a severe hindrance for the business plan. Moreover, there are other constraints like generation of funds for the new venture. Many business plans may never be formulated due to limitations in the form of competition, technology, lack of funds etc. Strategic goals and objectives The second step in a business plan is to formulate the strategies or tactics which are to be used in order to attain goals and objectives. Strategies may be short term and long term. These are plans which must be followed in order to attain final objectives. However, the very purpose of strategic planning is defeated in today’s changing environment. Due to the uncertainties in market conditions, entrepreneurs may be more successful if they go by their intuitions and experience, rather than going by previously formulated strategic objectives (Mintzberg 1994). Another problem which is ensued in setting objectives is that most plans are formulated outside the business planning process. Also entrepreneurs need to set realistic and achievable goals. It may be very easy to set strategic objectives but very difficult to implement these objectives to the middle and lower management. Most entrepreneurs do not give attention to the fact that the pre determined goals they are setting may be rigid, extremely rational, bureaucratic and dysfunctional at times. Hence, the formulation of potential strategic objectives may not hold true during the implementation process (Shrader, Taylor & Dalton 1984). This is one reason why the strategic objectives should be flexible and top executives need to change it depending on the changing market situations. Market research and analysis The third step in a business plan is to formulate a market plan which takes into account the market promotion and advertisement

Through dramatic methods In The Crucible Essay Example for Free

Through dramatic methods In The Crucible Essay Is truth reliable? Everybody has different perceptions of truth and what is represented by it. Truth is different where ever you go. Peoples version of truth is never fully correct. Miller uses The Crucible to express his own views on what was happening in America at the time-McCarthyism he uses John Proctor, as he is interested in the person who doesnt allow him to be caught up in hysteria but thinks for himself and stands up for his values against all odds. Miller uses the Salem witch-hunt to put forward his views on McCarthyism-the hunting down and prosecuting of any Americans who were thought to have taken part in anti-capitalism. Miller himself was brought before the committee led by Joseph McCarthy. Miller saw the public confessions required by the committee, as parallels with the naming of names at Salem in 1692. History is evidence from people views on past events; again this cannot be taken for pure truth. Does this mean the truth can never be found or be totally correct? Arthur Miller wrote The Crucible from evidence in history that he collected; elements of the truth have been changed. Arthur Miller uses five main methods to represent truth; these are Imagery, Dialogue, Dramatic Irony, Staging or Setting and Character profile. Dialogue is a main method that can be used to show how truth is represented as the play is written with very little in the way of movements and directors have the dialogue to base their plays around. Dialogue has many different ways of showing who has the highest status and most control of a conversation. When acted out these can include, accent, age, tone of voice and pitch for example. But in a play methods such as topic shift, conversation control, adjacency pairs, turn taking, silence or hesitation are used. In The Crucible Abagail controls a conversation between her and Betty about what happened. Abagail shouts Shut it! Now shut it! Abagail takes control of the conversation to stop Betty from saying what she is to change the topic of conversation, this is called topic shifts. This represents truth as Abagail and Betty are talking about the truth but Abagail wants to move away from it. This method give the audience a clear view of who is in the wrong and more information on the characters on stage. Betty represents the truth as she is trying to let it out and tell everyone what actually happened and Abagail is opposing the truth; this is how Abagail is portrayed throughout most of the play. Her control of conversation is a great method of dialogue that gives her power and is what eventually allows her to escape death. When the character is speaking the audience know if he or she is telling the truth as they may have seen previous scenes that told them more information. This way the dialogue used can be used to cover up the truth using the dialogue techniques. Another method used to convey truth via dialogue is adjacency pairs. Adjacency means next to A question suggests the next turn will be an answer, a greeting suggests the next turn will be a greeting. Many things people say could have several meanings; the next turn shows what the people take it to mean, for now. So if someone insults you, and you respond Thank you, you are taking the insult as a compliment. This is used a lot to dismiss an idea or statement given to a character. For instance Proctor says, We never touched, Abby Abagail follows with Aye, but we did. Proctor follows with Aye, but we did not. Proctors immediate dismissal is a shock for Abagail as it was not the expected response. The word Aye is a positive response that substitutes yes. At the end of the response the word not is used this is negative and quickly changes the conversation from agreeing ang positive to negative and dissagreening. This is used to shock the audience and Abagail on stage. It conveys truth as it does not agree with Abagail and so the audience know one of them is not telling the truth, they either did or they did not touch. From the previous scenes they realise Proc Imagery is used a lot in the play. It is used on natural and items with symbols like the church. Imagery is good as it allows the audience to get a view of the truth and more of an understanding of what is going on. The imagery used in The Crucible is mostly natural objects such as stone, light and fire, this could be because og the purtinsm and they belived in living naturaly. Hard as rock and Where I stone give images of a stone. Stone is linked to the truth because it is a natural strong material. It is tough on the outside and hard to break into. Truth can be hard to reach or get the exact truth and so is linked to rock. Another way rock is linked to truth is that they are made in a cycle. Truth is changed in a cycle or a ring of people as people give others their opinion of the truth and rocks are made in a cycle and are changed during it. Another image related to truth is a book once a book has been written and finished it cannot be tampered with. It can be written over like the lies made up by people hiding the truth. The book as it was meant to be written can never be changed just like the truth. The cover of a book is strong and holds the book together along with its spine. Again this is like the truth it is held together and made by what has happened. The light of God is in him, this shows he is pure not evil and the audience can imagine it. If God is in you, you cannot be evil. Wheel inside Wheel this is meant as an image of Salem, the people of Salem influence or move others inside Salem to do things they wouldnt normally do. This shows truth, as it is Salem as a whole pushing people on. Dramatic Irony is used in The Crucible. The audience see what is going on and then they see the characters lie about what the audience know is true. The audience see Paris praying next to Betty and the audience realise something is wrong, later on Paris denies any thing has happened and the audience know this is not true. Dramatic Irony represents truth and is used when the audience know some of the characters are lying to others. This makes the audience feel more powerful and raises the level of excitement and suspense. The audiences learn more about a character and their personality. They gain a personal view on whether to believe what they say later or not to. This shows truth very well as the audience know exactly who knows what information and who is truthful and who is not. Dramatic irony shows the truth on which characters trust which and who they are willing to tell the truth. When characters have information that others dont, they feel they have more power and so decide to different things with the power. Titubas lies reveal the truth, Tituba pretended to be possessed in a way to get back at Paris. Tituba says He says Mr Parris must be kill! Mr Parris no goodly man, Mr Parris mean man and no gentle man,Parris is the victim of dramatic irony. The audience are against Parris because of the character summary, it was heavily biased against Parris.

Ethics in Todays Universities Essay -- Ethics Morals Morality College

"Beliefs; The university's role in instilling a moral code among students? None whatever, some argue" is an article written by Peter Steinfels. The article focuses on the opinion of several college professors about whether morality and an ethical code of conduct should be taught in universities. The article presents both sides of the argument and quotes from different educators but does not take a stand on whether ethics should be part of the university curriculum or not. My initial reaction after reading this article was that academic institutions should only focus on education. I believed that a code of ethics should be established by my parents and my family and to some extent by teachers in grade school. After all, I reasoned, by the time I was 18 and in university, I already knew what was right or wrong and there was no need to waste time on an ethics class. I started to agree with Dean Fish who is quoted in the initial paragraphs of this article as writing in "The Chronicle of Higher Education," "You can't make them into good people, and you shouldn't try." After all, people never agree on what is right or wrong and everyone has their own standards and opinions. Starting a discussion would only open up a whole can of worms so it was best for Universities to forget about teaching ethics and to do what John J. Mearsheiner says in this article, and to leave it to the student, "to figure out the truth if there is one." As I continued to read, I did figure out the truth, and changed my mind about my initial thesis--that the University should focus on academics and be "collectively silent on the issue of morality." That approach has not worked I believe. Cheating is very common within many univ... ...should be guided by what Dennis Obrien, President of the University of Rochester, mentioned in this article calls "ascetic morality inherent in the very notions of research, discovery and scientific truth," How can we have "ascetic morality," or morality of any kind if we do not talk about it, if we sweep it under the carpet and wash our hands of it, and fail to include it in the curriculum. In response to Dean Fish who said we must not address the ethics issue because it will promote "vulgar multiculturalism and a soft core version of 60s radicalism," I say, he is wrong. I feel the strength of our country derives from being a melting pot of so many cultures, beliefs and values. I agree with the author that there will be divergent views and that it may be difficult to arrive at a consensus--that should not stop us from offering Ethics as part of the curriculum.

City lifestyle vs country lifestyle

Reading Response practice 38. 8 Why is it that we have so many foreign-born children continuing to speak only their native language and not a scent of English? How successful has bilingual education been? They do live in this country after all, so shouldn't English be their second language? A perfect example to this problem is in the short essay, â€Å"No Comprehend'. Musical describes how hard it Is for foreign children to learn English In public schools, when the only thing being taught to them Is their native language.This frustrates her because the only thing holding back a student's dream, Is not knowing how to communicate with the same language. She believes that this wouldn't be a problem If only bilingual education programs did their Job and made sure that each student completed the English course. It is absolutely crucial for bilingual language programs to stop their limitations and focus on the problems. In the article, â€Å"Current Problems in Bilingual Education† ,Jose Gardens, a Hispanic born native, addresses the ten most common problems in bilingual education programs.One that stuck out the most is the Premature Transition to English. The reason why I found this one so interesting was because it shows that each student transition to a new language can be accomplished at the same time. Because of this, most students are failing to finish the program and it leaves them back to square one. I believe that this Is a huge Issue today, and if given enough attention, It could be fixed. The fact that 40 percent of Hispanics don't graduate high school because they lack proficiency In English Is outrageous. That should never be a reason.I blame the programs, and public schools that allow other native languages to be spoken on campus. If a student is trying to learn how to speak English but is being spoken to in their native language, then how are they ever going to learn? Thieve not. We spend all this time in schools that it should be just as easy t aking a science course as it is learning English. Should the programs and community pay more attention to English course classes, then the problem would be resolved and another child's dream wouldn't be rushed. City lifestyle vs. country lifestyle By illegality English A -err Practice 38. Education been? They do live in this country after all, so shouldn't English be their Comprehend'. Musical describes how hard it is for foreign children to learn English in public schools, when the only thing being taught to them is their native language. This frustrates her because the only thing holding back a student's dream, is not wouldn't be a problem if only bilingual education programs did their Job and made he article, â€Å"Current Problems in Bilingual Education†, Jose Gardens, a Hispanic born this is a huge issue today, and if given enough attention, it could be fixed.The fact that 40 percent of Hispanics don't graduate high school because they lack proficiency in English is outr ageous. That should never be a reason. I blame the programs, and language, then how are they ever going to learn? They're not. We spend all this time in schools that it should be Just as easy taking a science course as it is learning

Effect van EPO

InleidingHet hoofddoel new wave dot onderzoek is onderzoeken wat het consequence new wave EPO is op je sportprestaties. Dit zal worden onderzocht met behulp new wave een aantal deelvragen. Ten eerste zal Er worden gekeken naar het consequence new wave EPO op heated menselijk lichaam. Ten tweede zal Er antwoord worden gegeven op hoe EPO je sportprestaties be & amp ; iuml ; nvloed. En tot slot kijken we bij welke sporten EPO het meeste consequence heeft. Door het beantwoorden new wave deze vragen zal Er antwoord worden gegeven op de hoofdvraag ; Wat is heated consequence new wave EPO op je sportprestaties? Er wordt straks eerst een kleine uitleg gegeven over wat EPO nou eigenlijk is, en wat voor consequence EPO op je lichaam heeft. Vervolgens wordt Er uitgelegd wat de gevaren van EPO zijn en hoe ze in topsport de controle uitvoeren op het gebruik new wave EPO. Daarna zal Er uitgelegd worden hoe je op andere manieren ook hetzelfde consequence van cre & A ; euml ; ren ALSs dat EPO op je lichaam heeft. In hoofdstuk 6 zal kort worden aangetoond digital audiotape Er verschillende soorten EPO zijn, van verschillende generaties. In heated laatste hoofdstuk zal Er worden gekeken bij welke sporten EPO nou het meest effectief is en zullen Er enkele voorbeelden new wave EPO gebruikers worden gegeven. Tot slot volgt Er een conclusie met heated antwoord op de deelvragen en de hoofdvraag.EPOEPO, ook wel Erytropo & A ; euml ; tine of hematopoietine genoemd. is een hormoon digital audiotape in de nieren en lever wordt geproduceerd en dat de aanmaak van rode bloedcellen stimuleerd. EPO is een glycoprote & A ; iuml ; Ne. Erytropo & A ; euml ; tine wordt door het menselijke lichaam gemaakt, maar kan ook in laboratoria gefabriceerd worden, en is dan een vorm new wave rhEPO ( recombinante humane erytropo & A ; euml ; tine ) bekend onder merknamen ALSs Eprex, Mircera etc. Menselijke nieren maken de stof ALSs reactie op een lage zuurstofspanning zoals bij anemie wordt gezien. Oorspronkelijk werd de stof dan ook gesynthetiseerd ALSs geneesmiddel voor mensen met niet goed functionerende nieren, die ondanks kunstnierbehandeling bijna allemaal bloedarmoede kregen door een gebrek aan epo. Door dot Te geven kon de bloedarmoede worden gecorrigeerd. Ook kankerpati & A ; euml ; nten kunnen tijdens de chemokuur epo toegediend krijgen tegen bloedarmoede, dot is nodig omdat door de chemokuur rode bloedlichaampjes in het lichaam kapot worden gemaakt.Wat doet EPO?Bloed bestaat uit rode bloedcellen, witte bloedcellen, bloedplasma en nog enkele andere deeltjes. EPO stimuleert de aanmaak van rode bloedcellen en verhoogt h eated totale bloedvolume ; EPO zorgt dus voor meer bloed in het lichaam. Rode bloedcellen zorgen voor het conveyance new wave zuurstof in het hele lichaam. Een rode bloedcel bevat bepaalde structuren, die hemoglobines worden genoemd. Deze structuren in de bloedcel binden zuurstof aan zich ( figuur 2 ) . Sporters met veel rode bloedcellen voorzien Hun spieren dus beter new wave zuurstof. Als je gaat sporten, wordt er door je spieren melkzuur gemaakt. Melkzuur wordt vooral aangemaakt onder anaerobe omstandigheden. Anaeroob betekent zonder zuurstof. De spieren zorgen dus voor energie om Te bewegen, zonder digital audiotape ze daarbij zuurstof gebruiken. Dit gebeurt alleen ALSs het bloed niet genoeg zuurstof kan vervoeren naar de spieren, want het is erg ongunstig. Een sporter kan hierdoor namelijk verzuren. Bij verzuring is heated gehalte melkzuur in de spieren zo hoog, digital audiotape je spieren eigenlijk niet meer willen bewegen. Dit kan leiden tot vermoeidheid en kramp. Spieren gaan dus alleen anaeroob werken ALSs het genuine moet. Een sporter dice EPO gebruikt, kan meer zuurstof vervoeren en zal dus minder snel verzuren dan een sporter dice geen EPO gebruikt. De spieren krijgen meer zuurstof aangeleverd en hoeven dus niet anaeroob Te werken. Als het totaal aan rode bloedcellen en heated totale bloedvolume stijgt, heeft dat ook enkele voordelen voor het lopen of fietsen new wave wedstrijden bij warm weer. Als je intensief beweegt terwijl het erg warm is, koelt het lichaam zichzelf af door meer bloed naar de oppervlakte van de huid Te laten gaan. Doordat het bloed meer aan de oppervlakte pimple, koelt heated sneller af dan digital audiotape het in heated dieper in het lichaam pimple. Dit bloed, aan de oppervlakte, gaat 10 koste new wave het bloed dat zuurstof naar de spieren moet vervoeren. Er is dus tekort bloed beschikbaar om de spieren van voldoende zuurstof Te voorzien. EPO zorgt ervoor digital audiotape het lichaam meer bloed tot zijn beschikking heeft, zodat de spieren, zelfs in de hitte, nog wel zuurstof krijgen. Een ander voordeel is dat er meer H2O in het lichaam is. Bloedplasma bestaat vooral uit H2O, en maakt deel uit new wave het bloed. Dus ALSs het bloedvolume groter is geworden door het gebruik new wave EPO, is ook de hoeveelheid H2O in het lichaam groter. De waterreserve, dice wordt gebruikt bij wedstrijden, is dus groter. Een sporter dice EPO gebruikt kan dus beter tegen de hitte dan een sporter dice niet gebruikt om twee redenen. De eerste is dat hij minder snel verzuurt doordat Er nog genoeg bloed is om zuurstof Te vervoeren. De tweede reden is dat hij meer H2O heeft in zijn lichaam en dus minder snel uitdroogt. Het consequence new wave EPO kan ongeveer drie maanden duren.Gevaren new wave EPOAls je meer vaste stof aan een oplossing toevoegt, wordt de oplossing dikker. Als er nu meer rode bloedcellen worden gemaakt ( een vaste stof ) , wordt het bloed ( oplossing ) dikker.Het bloed new wave een sporter dice EPO gebruikt wordt dus dikker. Het bloed moet door allerlei hele dunne aders in het lichaam, ook naar de hersenen en het Hart. Als het bloed nu heel dik is, kan het niet meer goed door de aderen stromen en hoopt het op. De gevolgen hiervan kunnen zeer ernstig zijn. De sporter kan een hartaanval krijgen of een beroerte en dood gaan. Dit is al een enkele keren gebeurd. In heated jaar digital audiota pe EPO voor het eerst in Europa Te krijgen was, 1987, zijn er vijf nederslandse wielrenners gestorven. Ook in de rest new wave Europa zijn er doden gevallen. Als er sprake is van een hogere temperatuur ontstaat Er een ander gevaar. Als de sporter zweet verliest hij vocht waardoor het bloed N & A ; oacute ; g dikker. Hierdoor wordt de kans op een hartaanval of beroerte voor de EPO gebruiker dus N & A ; oacute ; g groter wordt. Als het erg warm is, verliest het lichaam veel H2O. Het bloed wordt dan peg dikker en het risico new wave een hartaanval of beroerte is dan zoals net ook Al genoemd nog groter.Hoe controleert work forces op heated gebruik new wave EPO?EPO lijkt ALSs twee druppels H2O op het echte hormoon.Het EPO-molecuul is exact hetzelfde aan het hormoon digital audiotape in de nieren wordt geproduceerd. Bij toediening new wave EPO aan een pati & A ; euml ; nt treedt er dan ook geen afweerreactie op, omdat deze stof Al lichaamseigen is, er worden dus ook geen antistoffen tegen EPO gevormd en het medicijn heeft ook nauwelijks bijwerkingen. Bovendien is heated gebruik new wave EPO al na drie dagen niet meer Te achterhalen. Er zijn gee n stoffen meer in de piss of in het bloed Te vinden. Het is dan ook ook erg moeilijk het gebruik Te controleren. Daarom heeft de Medische Commissie new wave het IOC, het Internationaal Olympisch Comite, iets anders bedacht om het gebruik tegen Te gaan. Er wordt een ‘gezondheidscontrole ‘ gedaan. Er wordt bij sporters voor de wedstrijd bloed afgenomen en daarvan bepaalt work forces het per centum rode bloedcellen. Bij een normaal persoon ligt het per centum rond de 42 % . Als heated per centum bij een sporter hoger is dan 50 % , mag hij om twee redenen niet starten. Ten eerste is heated gevaarlijk om met zo'n hoog per centum Te starten. Het risico new wave een hartaanval of beroerte is te groot. Ten tweede is heated zo ongewoon hoog, digital audiotape het zeer waarschijnlijk is dat de sporter EPO heeft gebruikt. Sommige sporters beweren dat ze new wave nature zo'n hoog per centum rode bloedcellen hebben en worden dus onterecht bestraft. In bovenstaande bron is te zien wat de samenstelling is van heated bloed new wave een normaal persoon. We zien dat het gemiddelde per centum rode bloedcellen ongeveer 43 % is. Als er na heated afnemen van heated bloed new wave een sporter blijkt digital audiotape het per centum rode bloedcellen hoger is dan 50 % , mag de sporter niet meer deelnemen aan de desbetreffende wedstrijd, en zal er een onderzoek worden gestart. Omdat ALSs het per centum rode bloedcellen boven de 50 % ligt dan is er een kans dat de sporter EPO heeft gebruikt, ook is heated gevaarlijk om Te starten. Een hoog per centum aan rode bloedcellen vergroot namelijk het risico op een hartaanval en een beroerte. Vele sporters protesteren hiertegen omdat een hoger per centum aan rode bloedcellen ook iets zijn wat bij Hun aangeboren is, maar ook door veel op hoogte Te trainen kan je je per centum rode bloedcellen verhogen. Dit maakt het beleid natuurlijk erg lastig. Vooral omdat het per centum rode bloedcellen ook dus op een andere manier kan stijgen. Een verboden middel ALSs EPO is dus niet verboden ALSs je er een beetje new wave gebruikt, terwijl een spoortje Anabole stero & A ; iuml ; den Al voor een schorsing zorgt. Dit zorgt natuurlijk voor veel discussie in de sportwereld. Om toch de gezondheid new wave sporters in de gaten te houden is de gezondheidscontrole ingevoerd. Zolang er nog geen manier is gevonden om EPO gebruik aan Te tonen, is dit de enige manier om het gebruik proberen Te beperken.Vervangers van EPOEr zijn ook andere manieren om dezelfde effecten van EPO Te krijgen zonder de nadelen die eraan vastzitten. Zoals voorgenoemde, heated leven en trainen op een hoogte.Door de lagere hoeveelheid zuurstof in de lucht, stimuleert het lichaam de aanmaak van excess rode bloedcellen. Echter niet zoveel ALSs EPO digital audiotape doet en het bloed wordt ook niet dikker. Daarnaast worden de longen en het Hart sterker door het trainen op hoogte, ze moeten op hoogte namelijk harder werken om genoeg zuurstof Te blijven geven aan het lichaam om inspanning blijven te verrichten.Verschillende soorten EPO– Eerste generatie Ontwikkeld in 1977, werd uit urine gehaald. – Eerste generatie Ontwikkeld in 1977, werd uit urine gehaald.Twee generatieDeze discrepancy werd vanaf 1987 gebruikt, hieraan overleden vijf Nederlandse wielrenners. Deze variant werd met behulp new wave genetische technieken geproduceerd. Door deze genetische technieken kon EPO in grote hoeveelheden geproduceerd worden.Derde generatieDeze generatie kwam in 2007 op de markt, Cera. Het is de afkorting new wave â€Å" uninterrupted erythropoiesis receptor activator † . En is een middel digital audiotape wordt gebruikt ALSs geneesmiddel bij bloedarmoede of ter voorkoming new wave bloedarmoede bij kankerpati & A ; euml ; nten tijdens de chemokuur Een voordel new wave dot middel is dat je het maar een ke er in de drie & A ; aacute ; vier weken hoeft Te gebruiken.Vierde generatieEr is een vierde generatie new wave EPO op komst, dot middel zou ontraceerbaar zijn. Het gaat hierbij om een vorm new wave gentherapie.In welke sporten wordt EPO het meest gebruikt?EPO wordt het meest gebruikt bij duursporten zoals wielrennen en marathonlopen. Voor sprinters heeft heated gebruiken new wave EPO geen nut omdat dice sowieso verzuren tijdens heated sporten. Dit gebeurt doordat zij in een zeer korte tijd zoveel inspanning leveren, de spieren hebben in & A ; eacute ; & A ; eacute ; n keer heel veel zuurstof nodig, hier kan het bloed ALSs het ware niet tegen transporteren. Het gebruik new wave EPO heeft dus weinig consequence voor sprinters omdat die Al onder anaerobe condities rennen. Sprinten is heel explosief, opeens hebben de spieren heel veel zuurstof nodig. Het bloed kan nooit zoveel zuurstof vervoeren. Ook niet met behulp new wave EPO.Voorbeelden new wave EPO gebruikersOok aan de manus new wa ve deze voorbeelden zien we dat EPO voornamelijk wordt gebruikt bij duursporten.ConclusieHet hoofddoel new wave dot onderzoek was onderzoeken wat het consequence new wave EPO is op je sportprestaties. Dit werd onderzocht met behulp van de volgende deelvragen.Wat is heated consequence new wave EPO op heated menselijk lichaamHoe EPO je sportprestaties be & amp ; iuml ; nvloed.Welke sporten EPO het meeste consequence heeft.Het antwoord op de eerste vraag, Wat is heated consequence new wave EPO op heated menselijk lichaam? EPO is een hormoon digital audiotape de productie van rode bloedcellen in de lever en nieren stimuleert. Het zorgt er dus voor de je lichaam meer zuursof kan opnemen. De tweede vraag was hoe be & amp ; iuml ; nvloed EPO je sportprestaties? Het is gegeven digital audiotapes een sporter dice EPO gebruikt, meer zuurstof kan vervoeren en zal dus minder snel verzuren dan een sporter dice geen EPO gebruikt. Het zorgt Er dus voor digital audiotape je het ALSs EPO gebruikende sporter langer vol kan houden dan de sporter dice geen EPO gebruikt. De laatste deelvraag was op welke sporten EPO het meeste consequence heeft. Het antwoord op deze vraag is bij duursporten, denk aan wielrennen en ski & A ; euml ; n, zoals in de voorbeelden ook Te zien is. Bij sprinters heeft het geen consequence omdat sprinten heel explosief is, de spieren hebben op korte tijd heel veel zuurstof nodig. Het bloed kan nooit zoveel zuurstof vervoeren. Ook niet met behulp new wave EPO. Het antwoord op de hoofdvraag, Wat is heated consequence new wave EPO op je sportprestaties? Hangt dus ook af new wave wat voor soort athletics je beoefend. Als je een sprinter set zal EPO geen consequence hebben op je sportprestaties. Maar ALSs je een wielrenner of een andere duursporter set zal EPO wel degelijk consequence hebben op je sportprestaties. Je spieren zullen door het gebruik new wave EPO minder snel verzuren en zo zal je langer in staat zijn optimale inspanning te leveren. Maar je moet jezelf natuurlijk afvragen of winnen met heated gebruik new wave doping je wel voldoening brengt.BronvermeldingWordlingo:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/nl/Erythropoietin # cite_note-Haroon_2003-1Kennislink:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kennislink.nl/publicaties/dossier-epoRice:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.rice.edu/~jenky/sports/epo.htmlMedical Footings:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp? articlekey=7032hypertext tran sfer protocol: //www.medicinenet.com/erythropoietin/article.htmKennislink:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kennislink.nl/publicaties/epo-doping-in-toomRTL:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.rtl.nl/ % 28/actueel/rtlnieuws/buitenland/ % 29/components/actueel/rtlnieuws/2007/ 05_mei/24/buitenland/0524_1330_wat_is_epo.xml

Pope Leo III - Charlemagnes Pope - Pope Saint Leo III

Pope Leo III - Charlemagne's Pope - Pope Saint Leo III Pope Leo III was also known as: Charlemagnes Pope Pope Leo III is noted for: crowning Charlemagne Emperor and establishing the precedent that only the pope could confer the imperial crown. Leo was also physically attacked in the streets of Rome by supporters of his predeccessor. Occupation Role in Society: PopeSaint Places of Residence and Influence: Italy Important Dates: Elected pope: Dec. 26, 795Attacked: April 25, 799Died: June 12, 816 About Pope Leo III: Rather than keeping the papacy independent of secular authorities, Leo deliberately took steps to ally with Charlemagne and his growing empire. Attacked in the streets of Rome by supporters of his predecessors nephew, Leo sought the aid of Charlemagne and eventually crowned him emperor, establishing an important precedent. As pope, Leo was adept in diplomacy and managed to keep his Carolingian allies from exerting any real influence on matters of doctrine. He died in 816. For more about Leo, visit your Guides Concise Biography of Pope Leo III. More Leo III Resources: Concise Biography of Pope Leo IIIImage of Leo crowning Charlemagne Leo III on the Web Pope St. Leo IIIFairly substantial bio by Horace K. Mann at the Catholic Encyclopedia.Pope Saint Leo IIIConcise collection of useful data, heavily hyperlinked, at the Patron Saints Index. Leo III in Print The links below will take you to a site where you can compare prices at booksellers across the web. More in-depth info about the book may be found by clicking on to the books page at one of the online merchants. by Richard P. McBrienby P. G. Maxwell-Stuart Chronological Index Geographical Index Index by Profession, Achievement, or Role in Society

Biography of Rudolf Diesel, Inventor of the Diesel Engine

Biography of Rudolf Diesel, Inventor of the Diesel Engine The engine that bears his name set off a new chapter in the Industrial Revolution, but German engineer Rudolf Diesel (1858–1913), who grew up in France, initially thought his invention would help small businesses and artisans, not industrialists.  In truth, diesel engines are commonplace in vehicles of all types, especially those that have to pull heavy loads (trucks or trains) or do a lot of work, such as on a farm or in a power plant. For this one improvement to an engine, his impact on the world is clear today. But his death more than a century ago remains a mystery. Fast Facts: Rudolf Diesel Occupation: EngineerKnown For:  Inventor of the Diesel engineBorn:  March 18, 1858, in Paris, FranceParents:  Theodor Diesel and Elise StrobelDied:  September 29 or 30, 1913, in the English ChannelEducation:  Technische Hochschule (Technical High School), Munich, Germany; Industrial School of Augsburg, Royal Bavarian Polytechnic of Munich (Polytechnic Institute)Published Works:  Theorie und Konstruktion eines rationellen Wremotors  (Theory and Construction of a Rational Heat Motor), 1893Spouse:  Martha Flasche (m. 1883)Children:  Rudolf Jr. (b. 1883), Heddy (b. 1885), and Eugen (b. 1889)Notable Quote:  I am firmly convinced that the automobile engine will come, and then I consider my life’s work complete. Early Life Rudolf Diesel was born in Paris, France, in 1858. His parents were Bavarian immigrants. At the outbreak of the Franco-German War, the family was deported to England in 1870. From there, Diesel went to Germany to study at the Munich Polytechnic Institute, where he excelled in engineering. After graduation he was employed as a refrigerator engineer in Paris, at Linde Ice Machine Company, beginning in 1880.  He had studied thermodynamics under Carl von Linde, head of the company, in Munich. His true love lay in engine design, however, and over the next few years he began exploring a number of ideas. One concerned finding a way to help small businesses compete with big industries, which had the money to harness the power of steam engines. Another was how to use the laws of thermodynamics to create a more efficient engine. In his mind, building a better engine would help the little guy, the independent artisans, and entrepreneurs. In 1890 he took a job heading the engineering department of the same refrigeration firm in its Berlin location, and during his off time (to keep his patents) would experiment with his engine designs. He was aided in the development of his designs by Maschinenfabrik Augsburg, which is now MAN Diesel, and Friedrich Krupp AG, which is now ThyssenKrupp. The Diesel Engine Print Collector/Getty Images Rudolf Diesel designed many heat engines, including a solar-powered air engine. In 1892 he applied for a patent and received a development patent for his diesel engine. In 1893 he published a paper describing an engine with combustion within a cylinder, the internal combustion engine. In Augsburg, Germany, on August 10, 1893, Rudolf Diesels prime model, a single 10-foot iron cylinder with a flywheel at its base, ran on its own power for the first time. He received a patent there for the engine that same year and a patent for an improvement. Diesel spent two more years making improvements and in 1896 demonstrated another model with the theoretical efficiency of 75 percent, in contrast to the 10 percent efficiency of the steam engine or other early internal combustion engines. Work continued on developing a production model. In 1898 Rudolf Diesel was granted U.S. patent #608,845 for an internal combustion engine.   His Legacy Rudolf Diesels inventions have three points in common: They relate to heat transference by natural physical processes or laws, they involve markedly creative mechanical design, and they were initially motivated by the inventors concept of sociological needs- by finding a way to enable independent craftsmen and artisans to compete with large industry. That last goal didn’t exactly pan out as Diesel expected. His invention could be used by small businesses, but the industrialists embraced it eagerly as well. His engine took off immediately, with applications far and wide that spurred the Industrial Revolutions rapid development. Following his death, diesel engines became common in automobiles, trucks (starting in the 1920s), ships (after World War II), trains (starting in the 1930s), and more- and they still are. The diesel engines of today are refined and improved versions of Rudolf Diesels original concept. His engines have been used to power pipelines, electric and water plants, automobiles and trucks, and marine craft, and soon after were used in mines, oil fields, factories, and transoceanic shipping. More efficient, more powerful engines allowed boats to be bigger and more goods to be sold overseas. Diesel became a millionaire by the end of the 19th century, but bad investments left him in a lot of debt at the end of his life. His Death In 1913, Rudolf Diesel disappeared en route to London while on an ocean steamer coming back from Belgium to attend the groundbreaking of a new diesel-engine plant- and to meet with the British navy about installing his engine on their submarines, the History Channel says.  He is assumed to have drowned in the English Channel. Its suspected by some that he committed suicide over heavy debts, due to bad investments and poor health, information that didnt come out until after his death. However, theories immediately began that he was helped overboard. A newspaper at the time speculated, Inventor Thrown Into the Sea to Stop Sale of Patents to British Government, the BBC noted. World War I was at hand, and Diesels engines made it into Allied submarines and ships- though the latter were primarily for World War II. Diesel was a proponent of vegetable oil as fuel, putting him at odds with the ever-growing petroleum industry and leading, the BBC says, to the theory that Diesel was Murdered by Agents From Big Oil Trusts. Or it could have been coal magnates, yet others speculated, because steam engines ran on tons and tons of it. Theories kept his name in the papers for years and even included an assassination attempt by German spies to prevent his sharing details about the development of the U-boat. Sources Daimler. Rudolf Diesel and His Invention. Daimler.com.Harford, Tim. How Rudolf Diesels Engine Changed the World. BBC News, 19 December 2016.History.com Editors. Inventor Rudolf Diesel Vanishes. History.com.Lemelson-MIT. Rudolf Diesel. Lemelson-MIT Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Lewis, Danny. When the Inventor of the Diesel Engine Disappeared. Smithsonian Magazine. 29 September 2016.

Hurricanes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hurricanes - Essay Example Hurricanes derive their energy from water vapor. The high temperatures make the area more prone to hurricanes because the heat evaporates the sea water and the water vapor gives the hurricane energy and increases its power. Low leveled land also contributes to the devastating effects of hurricanes by making the area prone to floods, Kerry (43). A rise in sea level, accompanied by storm surge will push sea water inland and this will lead to flooding. High torrential rainfall is also a problem because it increases the water levels and this will further make the area vulnerable to hurricanes.Various measures can be taken against hurricanes to ensure the safety of people as well as their properties. Since a hurricane can be a course of nature or a natural disaster, little can be done to prevent it. This calls for assembling of skilled and highly dedicated professionals who can be able to use modern technology to accurately forecast the event that a hurricane can occur. If this can be don e with precision then the devastation that we usually realize from hurricanes can be minimized.According to Kerry, most hurricanes have caught people unaware and they were not able to salvage their properties and some ended up losing much more than just their valuable properties but their precious lives as well. Therefore there is need to strategize on evacuation plans. This entails identification of a safe shelter and the safest route of getting there. This is in the case that a warning is issued therefore people’s lives can be saved.

Summary the artical Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary the artical - Assignment Example There are special circumstances in which stakeholders are forced to elect new directors mid-term. For instance, if one of the directors passes away, stakeholders can consult state law while seeking to appoint a new director. For formal meetings to be held there has to be a quorum of officials before the conducting of any transactions. In any corporation, the members of the board of directors have different rights. They have the right to participate in all business meetings and operations, carry out inspections, indemnification, and compensation. They serve the stakeholders by furnishing them with corporate dividends, ratifying major organizational policies, overseeing the process of hiring and firing corporate personnel, and determining financial decisions. Below the board of directors in a company’s hierarchical structure are the corporate executives and officers. Corporate officers are expected to be familiar with the rules and regulations of their corporation as they are often tasked with delegating different tasks to other corporate workers. Their responsibilities are quite serious as they can be penalized for mistakes that they or their workers commit. Shareholders are the individuals who own the corporation. They do not take part in running the daily operations of the corporations they invest in but can effect serious changes in terms of the hierarchical structure as well as executive appointments. They exercise their powers by voting for their preferred candidates. Shareholders may hold certificates that outline their ownership status, and are usually awarded stock warrants, pre-emptive rights, dividends, and inspection rights. Professional boards serve a distinct purpose when they are included in different organizations. The collapse of respected financial business establishments triggered a global recession that adversely affect many global citizens and underscored the need for more stringent

Website Design for Interactive Environment Coursework - 1

Website Design for Interactive Environment - Coursework Example In its purest form, the 100% mobile device is an extension of the user not the other way round, extension of the device. Globally, mobile devices outnumber desktop computers 20-1. Given that, not every mobile device- especially phones- has the functionality to access the internet, however the turnover frequency for mobile devices is higher than that of the desktop devices. Mobile devices have brought a revolutionary omnipresence and it is vital to understand the meaning of the term â€Å"mobile web†. There are cases that call for the inclusion of protocols and standards such as SMTP, SMS, and IM in the definition of this term but this report adapts Colborne’s definition as the subset of HTTP content that has been optimized for and is accessible with a mobile device. Mobile web content is therefore less detailed, making it lighter than desktop web, due to the technical limitations posed by the technology. When using a desktop workstation to access the web, we connect using Ethernet over a leased line that has a rich infrastructure. If we opted to use Wi-Fi in place of the Ethernet, even on the same workstation at home, it comes with new complications into the equation. A close examination of the underlying technology that supports mobile web reveals the technical hurdles that a mobile device overcomes while connecting to the exact same data reservoir as the workstation or notebook PC. The mobile device connects over a less robust network whether it’s the faster and newer EDGE or G3 connection or slower and older GPRS. Once the connection has been made, it must be held through a call transfer from multiple cell-towers as the user traverses the coverage connection matrix of a given carrier. This makes the mobile devices extremely limited in terms of available bandwidth. Screen size is the most obvious difference a computer and mobile device. For years, the minimum screen resolution designed has been increasing. Similarly,

Research Study: Factors Causing Cannabis Use

Research Study: Factors Causing Cannabis Use Factors Leading towards cannabis use  and what can be done about them:  A study carried out in local transport drivers  of district Peshawar, Pakistan. The problem of drug trafficking represents a crippling facet of reality in Pakistan that is affecting 34% of the country’s population in terms of having problems with drug usage, and or abuse. The district of Peshawar, which lies near the Khyber Pass access to Afghanistan, places that region at the centre of trafficking activity that has made illicit drugs readily available to the populace at highly affordable prices due to the proximity of heavy drug activity. Drug use is an international problem, one that increasingly is focusing on Pakistan as a result of it being in the center of the most active drug producing regions in the world. As such, the country has developed a serious internal problem in that its citizens have become swept up in the production, trafficking as well as use of drugs. The preceding are activities that undermine the nation’s economy as the money flows are black market, and one which is costing the country its most valuable resource, is people, wh o are in ever increasing numbers being wasted as well as suffering from the ravages of drug use, and addiction. The purpose, and role of government represent a complex issue that in its own right deserves a study onto itself. In the context of the examination thus identified, a summary of this complex relationship shall be put forth as it is an integral aspect of the preceding. Reus-Smit (1999, p. 129) tells us that: â€Å"The moral purpose of the modern state thus entailed a new principle of procedural justice—legislative justice. This principle prescribes two precepts of rule determination: first, that only those subject to the rules have the right to define them and, second, that the rules of society must apply equally to all citizens, in all like cases. Both precepts were enshrined in the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, which states that â€Å"[l]aw is the expression of the general will; all citizens have the right to concur personally, or through their representatives, in its formation; it must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes.†Ã¢â‚¬  Rousseau provides further amplification of the purpose of government as he held â€Å"†¦that the laws legislated by the people or their representatives must apply equally to all citizens in all like cases. â€Å"Every authentic act of the general will,† he writes, â€Å"favors all citizens equally, so that the sovereign, knows only the body of the nation and makes no distinctions between any of those who compose it† (Reus-Smit (1999, p. 130). Schmidtz (1991, p. 10) cites Hume (1978, p. 539) who states: â€Å"†¦the beauty of the state is not that it results from a collective decision but rather that it makes collective decisions unnecessary. People no longer need to come to an agreement about what is in their collective interest, for magistrates need consult no body but themselves to form any scheme for the promoting of that interest. Thus, bridges are built; harbours opend; ramparts raisd; canals formd; fleets equipd; and armies disciplind; every where, by the care o government , which, tho composd of men subject to all human infirmities, becomes, by one of the finest and most subtle inventions imaginable, a composition, that is, in some measure, exempted from all these infirmities† The foregoing tells us that government exists to look after, and for our best interests for the collective good. Thus the drug problem represents an issue that is not in the best interests of the people, and is government’s responsibility to confront and resolve. Thus, the reduction of drug use, and the reduction of drug production, and trafficking are priorities that the country needs to address in order to safeguard the future of its citizens, as well as return the country’s economic healths and vitality. This examination shall delve into the forgoing in the context of the â€Å"Factors Leading towards cannabis use and what can be done about them: A study carried out in local transport drivers of district Peshawar, Pakistan.† The problem of drug use is a global phenomenon, one that is especially pervasive in Pakistan. The country’s proximity to Afghanistan, which ranks as one of the top drug producing nations on the globe, coupled with the high drug productive capabilities of Pakistan, and the high poverty levels in the Peshawar region, makes for the perfect breeding grounds for addiction. With in excess of 4 million drug users in Pakistan, representing one of the highest per user percentages internationally, the scope of the problem with respect to production, trafficking, and addiction represent a triple edged sword that few countries are faced with. The foregoing, has been aided by corruption in governmental posts as well as the infiltration of regional tribal leaders who either traffic in, or have interests in this trade, into political positions further complicating the task of control and reduction. Justification for the study The international initiative to reduce drug user, and availability in all countries, with emphasis on the nations of the United States, European Union member states, and other destination points has been undertaken to lessen the potential exposure to drugs on the part of adolescents, and young adults as well as to reduce crime. The flow of drugs fuels the coffers of organized crime amounting to sums in the billions of euros that is fed by the commission of petty crimes, murders, and other societal acts resulting from addiction, procurement, and supply at all levels in the matrix. The costs in terms of humanity, resources, and suffering are almost incalculable. The reduction of drug flow as well as usage represents a solution that benefits all but those who are reaping huge profits from its movement, and sale. Problem Identification In equating the problem as well as ramifications of the factors leading toward the use of cannabis, and what actions can be taken to reduce the foregoing, various approaches, and methodologies have been put forth by nations, and international organizations such as the United Nations to address this issue. The two main schools of thought in attempting to resolve this conundrum are the curtailing of supply as a means to limit drug availability along with punitive measures for suppliers and users, and the education of users, and potential users to the dangers of drug use, and providing them with a means to obtain treatment. The foregoing represents the tactics of the two main destination points, the United States, and the member states of the European Union, respectively. These are the external forces acting upon Pakistan in addition to the drug supply passing through the country from Afghanistan as well as the growth, and production of drugs within the country that makes heroin, cocain e and cannabis freely and readily available to the residents of Peshawar. It is one of the main through routes for the distribution of drugs. The preceding has created an immense problem for the government of Pakistan to implement methods to resolve these issues, and address the needs of its populace in treating as well as stemming drug usage for their own well being. Aim of the dissertation The aim of this examination is to explore as well as uncover the factors leading to drug usage in the Peshawar district, its effects on the populace, and what steps, methodologies, and procedures can or should be implemented to stem its growth, and effect a reduction that is sustainable. Specific Objectives The objectives are represented by the following: To identify factors leading to the use of cannabis by local transport drivers in district Peshawar. To identify ways to tackle factors that lead towards cannabis use by local transport drivers. To provide recommendations to deal with the issue of cannabis use by local transport drivers of district Peshawar. Output of the study This facet of the study is to provide a background of information on the issue that provides an informational basis via which to better understand the forces acting on drug usage in Peshawar from an internal as well as external perspective to reach a recommendation that provides a means to reduce drug usage. Stakeholders/target audience The stakeholders in this examination are represented by the destination states for the illicit drugs grown, cultivated, and produced in the region that is trafficked as well as the local residents who have been impacted directly by this activity to the point whereby Pakistan has one of the highest percentage rates of drug users in the international community. The concentration of drug activity in Peshawar has thus directly affected its residents, and is taking the future away from an entire generation that is caught in the web of illicit drugs. The target audiences represented by this examination are those parties involved in seeking a means to reduce drug use in the district, on a national as well as international level. Methodology The methodology to be utilized in this examination shall be based upon secondary sources utilizing a broad cross section of ideas, studies, approaches, and actual drug reduction strategies taken from key countries, and regions internationally. The sources will utilise books, journals, articles, and the Internet to gain as broad a perspective as possible that is limited by the amount of data as well as time constraints. The limitations are a result of the preceding as some potentially enlightening information could possibility be overlooked, and or not obtained as a result of the amount of data available. Research forms the core of this examination as it will provide the information from which specific aspects will be gleaned that relate to the study. Anderson (1998, p. 27) states that. â€Å"Researchis a dynamic activity that travels a long and winding trail from start to finish. It is not a single event, rather, the act of doing research is a process. And like instructional design, evaluation, decision-making and planning, the research cycle has a set of basic elements that interrelate and interact with each other† He adds that (Anderson, 1998, p. 27): â€Å"All research involves certain common elements such as defining the questions, reviewing the literature, planning the methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and disseminating findings. At first glance, this may seem like a rather logical, straightforward process, but it is not. Research is dynamic, it evolves as activities unfold and the elements of the research process interact and impact on one another. Time is required to allow research questions to develop, literature to be searched, data to be collected, interpreted and analyzed, and findings disseminated.† Chapter 2 – Problem Analysis The examination of the impact of cannabis use on local transport drivers of the Peshawar district in Pakistan immediately provides a visual as well as mental signal as to the potentially dangerous ramifications. Cannabis is a hypnotic drug derived from a plant which has intoxicant qualities that have some uses in medicine, but is better known for is use as a recreational drug where it generates a considerable range of side effects that impact differing people in varied manners. Mikuriya (1969, p. 904) listed the following potential therapeutic uses: analgesic and hypnotic, as an appetite stimulant, antiepileptic, antispasmodic, as an aid in the prevention as well as interruption of migraines and tic douloureux, as an antidepressant as well as tranquilizer, as a psychotherapeutic aid, antiasthmatic, in the acceleration of childbirth (oxytoxic), as a topical anesthetic, in certain uses as an agent that facilitates patient withdrawal from additions to opiates and alcohol, and as an antibiotic In terms of the context of this examination concerning the factors that lead to the use of cannabis, and what can be done about the situation, utilizing the context of transport drivers in Peshawar Pakistan, the focus is thus on the user side of the equation in terms of cannabis as a recreational drug. In that context studies, and analysis by a broad number of researchers as well as the documentation found in journals, books, and articles clearly point out through conclusive as well as subjective findings that cannabis has a broad number of impairment qualities that can manifest themselves. Key to that understanding is the fact that these manifestations can occur in differing degrees of intensity as well as singular, and or multiple combinations in the user, who may or may not be aware of these effects. The preceding makes the use of this drug even more dangerous for individuals engaged in the operation of machinery, and in particular trucks. The Center on International Cooperation (2004) provided an overview of the problem in stating that Pakistan is known for governmental corruption that plays a part in the drug trafficking that occurs within its borders. The proximity of Peshawar to the border of Afghanistan as well as its own growing. and related drug production activities makes that district a den for drug use as a result of its ease of availability. and low price. Contributing to the problem is the lack of employment opportunities that has created a large number of individuals living in poverty. The International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (2006) states that low income, lack of economic opportunities, and proximity to the availability of drugs makes for high usage. The forgoing, coupled with the fact that cannabis is a social, and or recreational drug that does not have the stigma of heroin, and cocaine, yet does have many of their same qualities, creates an environment ripe for addiction. The foregoing is de monstrated by the fact that after to Iran, Pakistan has the highest percentage of drugs users in the world (International Crisis Group, 2001). Factors that lead to the use of cannabis, in addition to the broad circumstantial aspects thus far mentioned, are peer pressure, and use as well as social contexts (Ausubel, 1969, p. 17), and the lack of education, opportunities, and outlets for social and recreational pursuits, and information on the dangerous effects of cannabis use (Kahn, 2002). In terms of transport drivers, their jobs entail repetitive, monotonous, low paying work that leaves plenty of time for mental wandering, boredom, and association with individuals who are drug users as well as being young of age. That age group is therefore highly prone to peer pressure, thus throwing them into a circle of high potential usage (IRIN, 2006). All of the preceding represents unmistakable contributing factors that make it extremely difficult to escape falling into drug use. In delving into the examination of the problem a ‘problem tree’ is a useful tool in analyzing situations as it aids in the identification of major problems in the examination, along with the causal relationships (Robertson, 2001. p. 32). In applying this methodology to the preceding examination, the following analysis of the factors equated with the problem become evident. Figure 1 – Problem Tree Analysis of Factors Leading to Cannabis Use and What Can be Done About Them: A Study Carried Out in Local Transport Drivers of the Peshawar District in Pakistan The preceding analysis shall thus form the matrix upon which this examination will focus. Chapter 3 – Literature Review Cannabis sativa was labeled by Linnaeus in 1753 is known by many names, the most popular, and universally understood being marihuana, and weed (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 1). Known for medicinal as well as being a euphoriant, the first recorded use of cannabis is â€Å"†¦found in the Herbal, an ancient equivalent of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia, written about 400 to 500 B.C. â€Å" (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 1). Also known as ‘Indian Hemp’, it is a stout, bushy, branching plant whose height varies from 5 to 15 feet in height, and is an old crop that has been grown in China as well as Asia for centuries (Hill, 1952, p. 28). In terms of products, Indian hemp is utilized â€Å"†¦for ropes, twine, carpets, sailcloth, yacht cordage, binder twine, sacks, bags, and webbing† as well as â€Å"Hemp waste, and the woody fibers of the stem are sometimes used in making paper† (Hill, 1952, p. 29). In addition â€Å"The seeds contain an oil that is useful in the soap and paint industries as a substitute for linseed oil† (Hill, 1952, p. 29). Medicinally, â€Å"Cannabis has long been used as an indigenous medicine in the south of Africa, South America, Turkey, Egypt, and many areas of Asia including India, the Malays, Burma, and Siam† (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 218). Despite the Western notion of cannabis as simply an intoxicant, there is documented evidence of its beneficial use in medicinal remedies. There is a large body of evidence from the Orient on the use of cannabis in medical applications (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 219). In studies conducted by Dr, W.B. O’Shaughnessy in 1839, who at the time was thirty-three and an â€Å"†¦ assistant surgeon and professor of chemistry at the Medical College of Calcutta †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , he experimented on â€Å"†¦patients suffering from rabies, rheumatism, epilepsy, and tetanus† (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 219). O’Shaughnessy reported â€Å" †¦ anticonvulsant properties of the previously untried materia medica, expressed his belief that in Hemp the profess ion has gained an anti-convulsive remedy of the greatest value† (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 219). O’Shaughnessy’s research led further investigation by Dr. R. M’Meens for â€Å"†¦tetanus, neuralgia, the arrest of uterine hemorrhage, as an analgesic during labor, in dysmenorrhoea, convulsions, the pain of rheumatism, asthma, postpartum psychoses, gonorrhea, and chronic bronchitis† (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 219). Dr. M’Meens studies and reports resulted in cannabis being assigned (M’Meens, 1860, pp. 94-95): a place among the so called hypnotic medicines next to opium; its effects are less intense, and the secretions are not so much suppressed by it. Digestion is not disturbed; the appetite rather increased; . . . The whole effect of hemp being less violent, and producing a more natural sleep, without interfering with the actions of the internal organs, it is certainly often preferable to opium, although it is not equal to that drug in strength and reliability. M’Meens also found that cannabis had use as a sedative among other medicinal purposes (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 220). Dr. Hare in 1887 noted that the use of cannabis â€Å"†¦quieting restlessness and anxiety, and by turning the mind of the patient to other channels. . . . Under these circumstances, the patient, whose most painful symptom has been mental trepidation, may become more happy or even hilarious† (Hare, 1887, p. 225-226). However, the Tax Act of 1937 â€Å"†¦completed its medical demise, and it was removed from the U.S. Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary in 1941† (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 218). Modern day medical findings see its proponents suggesting the legalisation of marijuana in terms of its medicinal uses (Earlywine, 2002, p. 167). Naturally, the preceding views have sparked a number of debates. It has been found that â€Å"Smoked cannabis clearly helps some problems and may cost less than other medications†, and that â€Å"Synthetic cannabinoids can also alleviate symptoms of many disorders† (Earlywine, 2002, p. 167). G.T. Stockings, a medical researcher, administered a synthetic cannabis preparation to fifty depressive patients, and thirty-six showed definitive improvement (Stockings, 1947, pp. 918-922). Mikuriya (1969, p. 904) in reviewing the medical evidence as well as literature listed the potential and possible therapeutic uses of cannabis: analgesic and hypnotic, as an appetite stimulant, antiepileptic, antispasmodic, as an aid in the prevention as well as interruption of migraines and tic douloureux, as an antidepressant as well as tranquilizer, as a psychotherapeutic aid, antiasthmatic, in the acceleration of childbirth (oxytoxic), as a topical anesthetic, in certain uses as an agent that facilitates patient withdrawal from additions to opiates and alcohol, and as an antibiotic The current position of organized medicine in the United States is that cannabis has been condemned as medically worthless, and even dangerous (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 226). In fact the members of the Committee on Legislative Activities of the American Medical Association in 1937, in protesting the Marihuana Tax Act, stated (Cary, 1937, pp. 2214-2215): There is positively no evidence to indicate the abuse of cannabis as a medicinal agent or to show that its medicinal use is leading to the development of cannabis addiction. Cannabis at the present time is slightly used for medicinal purposes, but it would seem worthwhile to maintain its status as a medicinal agent for such purposes as it now has. There is a possibility that a restudy of the drug by modern means may show other advantages to be derived from its medicinal use. Your committee also recognizes that in the Border States the extensive use of the marihuana weed by a certain type of people would be hard to control that in the Border States the extensive use of the marihuana weed by a certain type of people would be hard to control† In 1967 a position paper written in the Journal of the American Medical Association stated â€Å"Cannabis (marihuana) has no known use in medical practice in most countries of the world, including the United States† (Council on Mental Health and Committee on Legislative Activities and Drug Dependence, 1967, p. 1181). The factual evidence however points to otherwise as a classified undertaking by the United States Department of Defence in the United States that suggests the utilisation of cannabis compounds might be useful for (Culliton, 1970, p. 105): analgesics blood pressure reduction, and psychopharmacotherapeutic agents The limited utilization position of the United States in the uses of marijuana for medical purposes is outdated, according to global practices. The only uses legally approved in the United States are in California, and Arizona for medical purposes as approved by a physician, primarily for glaucoma, and high blood pressure (Christenson, 2004). Research conducted at the Complutense University in Madrid revealed that components contained in marijuana that were derived from the plant inhibited the growth of cancerous brain tumours (Annie Appleseed Project, 2007). The findings of that study were published in the journal of the American Association of Cancer Research. Other research and studies have also found that â€Å"†¦cannabis restricts the blood supply to Gliobastoma multiforme tumours †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , which is an aggressive brain tumour (Annie Appleseed Project, 2007). The foregoing study which was initiated in the United States in 1974, and then subsequent left unfounded was p icked up by the Complutense University Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in 1998 were it was â€Å"†¦discovered that THC could selectively induce programme cell death in brain tumours without affecting healthy cells† (Annie Appleseed Project, 2007). In addition, new research and studies have uncovered what other cultures, notably Asian, have known for decades, that marijuana in certain uses does have value as a medicine. In a recent study conducted at the University of California, it was â€Å"†¦found that smoked marijuana was effective at relieving the extreme pain of a debilitating condition known as peripheral neuropathy †¦ (as well as potentially beneficial uses for) †¦ cancer, AIDS, multiple sclerosis, arthritis and other debilitating illnesses.† (International Herald Tribune, 2007). The foregoing positive uses of cannabis as well as the wide spread use in Asia on an historical basis for medical purposes underlines the rationales for providing the broad based background information which was utilized to set the context that the initial foundational uses of cannabis in that region on an historical basis served a different purpose from its present. That background is important in understanding that the m ental, and historical context in terms of cannabis in the Asian region differed greatly from the policy, and views of the United States, and Europe that impose criminal penalties that have spread to other regions, including Asia as the over riding policy that deals with usage today. In equating the use as well as regional context regarding Pakistan and cannabis, it is important to understand that the country borders China, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan. The preceding is important in that Afghanistan is â€Å"†¦ the principle opium supplier to heroin and morphine base laboratories located in Pakistan †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , Tajikistan as well as Turkey (Center on International Cooperation, 2004). The drug industry provides a livelihood for many of the poor of Afghanistan as well as Tajikistan, and the Peshawar district (Center on International Cooperation, 2004). The governmental administration in Pakistan has corrupt elements, subject to the payment of funds to ease controls, and police interference, thus keeping the market fluid (Khan and Wadud, 2001). With Peshawar located extremely close to the Afghanistan border, and Khyber Pass, it is the center of drug trafficking, and thus also fosters a drug supportive culture. The significance of the preceding is that the u nderlying hard drug culture fosters softer drugs use, cannabis, as more acceptable and a lighter form of involvement (United States Department of State, 2006). Cannabis is cultivated as well as grows wild in the region, thus making its availability easy for any resident (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2007). Figure 1 – Map of Pakistan (unique-century, 2007) The significance of the medicinal historical background as well as the drug industry trade, and the overall poverty of the region set the conditions for drug use among the populace as well, important factors in the understanding of motivations for use, and conditions that drag individuals into use. Important in this understanding is that Afghanistan’s drug trafficking represents an estimated one-third of the overall Gross Domestic Product, which is fostered by a corruption government administration (United States Department of State, 2006). The region itself is also subject to the drug trade as a result of the land expanses of land, and the huge number of individuals living at, and below the poverty line. In addition to the indicated countries, drugs form a big part of the economies of Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka (Center on International Cooperation, 2004). The heavy undercurrent of drugs, opium, heroin, and thus cannabis represents a lure for a means out of povert y as well as a manner in which a large number of the populace are exposed to drugs at an early age. Pakistan itself traffics in drugs as well as cultivates opium, and is a major transit country for hashish and opiates from Afghanistan (Center on International Cooperation, 2004). The country also has unconfirmed labs, and facilities along with an estimated 3 to 5 million addicts. Drug traffickers in Pakistan move product from Afghanistan to Turkey by land, through Iran as well as by sea. The foregoing is also an important consideration in the use of cannabis as a softer drug that is less addictive, and more importantly is affordable as a hard drug substitute in terms of poor economic opportunities as well as physical isolation for Pakistanis (International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, 2006). In the Asian region, cannabis is seen as an herb more than a drug. Unlike hard drugs such as heroin and cocaine, cannabis is seen as a social and recreational drug. It is easily grown in almost any type of conditions, and the climate in Pakistan is particularly suited to cultivation. It is important to mention that cannabis in today’s form differs from their culture of the 1960’s and 70’s in that it has been cross bred, and its potency has increased dramatically, estimated by 20 times (Drug Addiction Advice Project, 2007). The last factor, increased potency has changed the dynamics of cannabis to one that borders on the additive qualities of cocaine. Cannabis is a mood-altering drug, which represents one of the key rationales for its use among the improvised peoples of Peshawar as it provides an increased internal feeling of well being and happiness, increases laughter, and also heightens one’s appetite. The preceding are factors in the hard life of poorer Peshawar residents as they have little to be happy about. Cannabis, like alcohol helps people to relax, and in many instances aids them in thinking that it helps them to cope with their problems (Department of Human Services, 2002). 3.1 Actions Against Cannabis The global drug problem has been the subject of immense study as well as policies. A key development that has influenced the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances has been the Inter-American Commission on Drug Policy (Smith, 1992, p. 16). After years of study, the Commission issued a policy report in 1991 that advised that the means to control, and thus reduce global drug use rested in understanding the following dy