The Role of Mass-Media in the Contemporary World Essay -- essays resea

The Role of Mass-Media in the Contemporary World The intensity of the broad communications has once become so ground-breaking that its without a doubt noteworthy job on the planet today remains past any inquiries. It is solid to the point that even governmental issues utilizes it as a methods for administering in any nation around the globe. The broad communications has political importance as well as it passes on wide information concerning every single imaginable part of human beings’ lives and, what is completely obvious, impacts on people’s perspectives and their disposition to the general condition. It is totally pleasing about what sort of temperances the broad communications should complement. In any case, it isn't visit at all that the media gives social orders such a substance, which is suspicious as far as the job dispatched to it. Introducing brutality and bigotry just as forming and controlling open are just a couple of instances of how the job of broad communications is misconstrued by the individuals who characterize themselves as driving media producers. For whatever length of time that fierce projects are appeared on TV, the job of the broad communications turns out to be totally unique in relation to how it was initially rewarded. Brutality is socially destructive and particularly the adolescent are exceptionally inclined to such scenes that may firmly influence their minds. The facts confirm that projects including unfeeling pictures are set apart as ‘only for adults’ yet when they are radiated is moderately early and the entrance to them is by all accounts fairly boundless to youngsters. Another issue that is very fre...

Reflection Paper College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection Paper College - Essay Example This is significant on the grounds that it moves the concentration in the everyday exercises from the base representative level to manager and center administration and accordingly, one's abilities ought to be outfitted to managing bosses. Perceiving the vital business job that HR plays and seeing the comprehensive view of HR inside an association is a significant exercise going ahead and I accept that such a thankfulness will be invited and regarded by my future managers. Another significant learning result was the capacity that the High-Powered Work System of (HPWS) had in managing HR rehearses, explicitly Staffing and Compensation. Utilizing innovation in blend with authoritative structure is a fundamental perspective to the HPWS and as a result Human Resources. Step by step instructions to use those advancements and building up a structure that tries to coordinate those innovations in a HR limit will be a significant piece of my Human Resources theory. Work environment Diversity is more about flourishing in a globalized advertise than accomplishing Equal Opportunity business rehearses.

Weekend Shenanigans

Weekend Shenanigans This weekend, in some order, I: 1. slept for twelve hours straight in one night 2. watched experienced the Rocky Horror Picture Show, live 3. learned about cornhole 4. went to Nightmarket It was a very good weekend. Because thats how it is in my head, lets go through these in a totally arbitrary order, starting with number 2. My first exposure to Rocky Horror was, to the chagrin of many, actually a fairly watered-down version adapted by Glee in season 2, episode 5. I wont say much about Rocky Horror other than that it is very much an experience more than it is a show. Involved: corsets, crossdressing, lipstick, aliens, sexual objectification, and tons of music and dancing. I highly recommend it as a Halloween activity, if not necessarily for the content, then at least for the musical value and street cred. Heres one of the first songs: One more thing about Rocky Horror: for some reason, the showing started at midnight. More on this. For now, lets do a time warp and go back a couple hours. It was about 2:00, Friday afternoon. I had just gotten out of my last lecture of this short but nevertheless long-feeling three-day week, differential equations, and I was hanging out with one of the campus FOCUS missionaries (theyre awesome). He spotted some of the other missionaries on Kresge lawn playing ball, and a few minutes later we had formed teams for a game of cornhole. What, you might ask, in the world is cornhole? As an Asian-American growing up in California, I had personally never heard of cornhole. Essentially, there are two wooden blocks, shaped like wedges of cheese, with a small hole cut into each near the top center. Simply put, the goal is to land beanbags onto the wedges (one point), or into the holes (three points) if youre feeling particularly talented. Harder than it seemsbeanbags are not aerodynamic. But after playing for thirty minutes or so, I got the hang of it (sort of) and even landed a few beanbags into the hole. It was a surprisingly idyllic way to spend a Friday afternoon, tossing beanbags and footballs around with a nice breeze blowing through the trees. I do hope this nice weather stays as long as possible (guess Im a California boy at heart). Back on topic. That night, at 8:00, I went to Nightmarket. Nightmarket, hosted by the three biggest Asian cultural clubs on campus, mirrors the East Asian phenomenon of the nighttime street market, associated with pretty lights and tons of delicous food. MIT Nightmarket threw in a glorious slew of performances, ranging from Chinese yo-yo tricks to Western yo-yo tricks, Taiko drumming, Korean, drumming, traditional and contemporary performances by the esteemed MIT Asian Dance Team, an extremely colorful bhangra performance, and many more that Im sure Im forgetting. People came all the way from Harvard and Wellesley to attend and perform. It was wonderfully immersive and super-Asian; to tell the truth, I didnt expect to enjoy it quite as much as I did (my high school was and still is around 85% Asian), but Nightmarket was so well put-together and just generally a great time. Pictures follow: Bhangra! A very colorful, very energetic Punjabi genre of folk dance. The one, the only, the amazing MIT Asian Dance Team. In which this guy uses a yo-yo todemonstrate his mastery of physics? Look badass? All of the above? Speaking of badass: taiko percussion, which originates in Japan but was kindly brought to Nightmarket by Wellesley Aiko. After Nightmarket, I headed over, with some old friends and some freshly-made friends, to Rocky Horror, which for some reason started at 11:59 PM and ended a few hours later. I crawled to Next House exhausted, stopped in the lounge to talk about Thevenin equivalency (three cheers for 8.022 Electricity and Magnetism, affectionately nicknamed eight-oh-QQ), and found myself in bed shortly thereafter. When I woke up again it was 5:00 PM on Saturday. I regret nothing. See you soon, Allan

Exploring Psychology Careers Essay - 1100 Words

Exploring Psychology Careers Destiny Brotherton PSY 305 May 4, 2015 Dr. Jon Stern Exploring Psychology Careers Although there is an inordinate amount of diverse types and areas of specialization in psychology, such as Clinical Neuropsychology and School Psychology, the overall idea is the study and research of the human mind and behavior. Psychology is known to aid those who suffer from a variety of mental illnesses while also helping people to comprehend better the mind and how exactly the brain operates; some believe such study is both ineffective and unethical. Majoring in psychology opens the door for various career opportunities since â€Å"there are over 200 classified forms of mental illnesses† that are â€Å"on a continuum of†¦show more content†¦It can be emotionally draining and stressful, but very rewarding. Psychology is a fascinating field because it is the study of the human mind and its functioning, making it is a great way to learn more about yourself and others. For someone who is interested in our minds, behaviors, and emotions and discovering why we are the way we are then a career in psychology is perfect. While learning about those around us psychology can help us to understand more about ourselves. A career in psychology is not for everyone, but for those who love to learn about human nature and the way our brains function then it is the ideal career. The developmental of psychology has come a long way since Plato first suggested that the brain was the fundamentally responsible for our mental processing. From the suggestion that hypnosis was the cure for some mental illnesses to phrenology, which is a study of the shape and size of the brain as to reveal characteristics and mental abilities. Ernst Heinrich Weber shared his theory, Weber’s Law, and Charles Darwin expressed his views on evolution. The discovery that an area in the left frontal lobe plays a major role in language development and that damage to the area can cause inabilities to comprehend or produce language. G. Stanley Hall received the first American Ph.D. in psychology and later founded the American PsychologicalShow MoreRelatedPSY 305 Week 1 Exploring Psychology Careers Essay1141 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Exploring Psychology Careers Sara M. Covey PSY 305 February 6, 2015 Dr. Sheila Rapa Exploring Psychology Careers Everyone who decides to enroll in college must, at some point, think about what area they want to major in. There are many things that students consider when choosing a major. Some make their decision based on what they think can make them the most money once they begin their lives in the work force. However, many students believe that if you choose a major that interestsRead MoreWhat Does You Do For Your Life?1511 Words   |  7 Pagestheir life they will probably reply with some exotic career, regardless of the dangers. They tend to ignore all the downsides because five-year-olds are certainly not thinking of the pay, schooling, or how much work it will take to achieve their goal. Instead they think about how cool or fun it would be to run into burning buildings or go into space. As we get older we learn to take these dangers into aspect. At eighteen we are told to pick this career we want to do for the next 40 or so years. Some tendRead MoreWomen in Psychology - Margaret Wash burn1458 Words   |  6 PagesWomen in Psychology – Margaret Floy Washburn PSY/310 May 23, 2011 Women in Psychology Margaret Floy Washburn was an accomplished and highly-recognized woman within the field of psychology in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Her interests were equally divided between science and philosophy and thus, Washburn made the decision â€Å"†¦to pursue â€Å"the wonderful new science of experimental psychology†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Goodwin, 2008, pg. 200, para. 2). Under the tutelage of E. B. Titchener, a British psychologistRead MoreTraining For A Career As A Childcare Director889 Words   |  4 PagesUMUC offers numerous courses in Psychology so as to provide students with the knowledge that they will need in order to be successful in their future careers. The curriculum offered ensures that students acquire a knowledge base of theory, research, and practice in psychological sciences. Although some of the courses offered are required in order to obtain an undergraduate degree in Psychology, many are available to choose from that meet the interests and needs of e ach student as well. Upon graduationRead MoreMotivation Research : Curiosity And Career Related962 Words   |  4 Pages Assignment Paper 1 My motivation to do research is both curiosity and career related. I like the idea of living life by asking questions and figuring out why things work the way they do. I feel like it is more beneficial to me to ask clarifying and probing questions; to be content with the state of a problem is to stop looking for more. In a career setting, I recognize the importance of research to a psychology graduate program. Graduate school is centered around a large-scale research project.Read MoreErik Erikson s The Field Of Development Psychology1056 Words   |  5 Pages Development Psychology In the field of development psychology, we have been exposed to plenty of development theorists and idea during this class. One of the theorists, whose theories I found very fascinating was Erik Erikson, especially his eight stages of psychosocial development, from infancy to adulthood. However, as I had to pick a theorist who was not covered in class, I researched the four given theorists to choose from, I chose James E. Marcia. He refined and extended Erikson’s workRead MoreFactors Affecting Students in Terms of Comprehension and Literature1495 Words   |  6 Pagescold or flu), but is the outcome of choices we have made in the past, and can make in the future, in life and the context we find ourselves in.   By exploring your context or ‘worldview’ in therapy, it becomes possible to understand these choices and create new opportunities to develop and see a way out of your personal suffering/situation. In exploring our relationships we also explore the way that everything we do is dependent on the context of our lives. The fluid and relational nature of existentialRead MoreAnalysis of the Class Orientation to Psychology Essay1371 Words   |  6 PagesOrientation to Psychology class my first semester at Seton Hall University was probably the most beneficial part of my college experience thus far. Although I came into college confidently declared as a psychology major, I didn’t really know what this meant or entailed prior to taking this course. This course taught me valuable information about myself, about the field of psychology, and about how I can mold those two together. All that I’ve learned this semester in Orientation to Psychology helped meRead MoreRepor ting Studying senior social science subjects was the most influential factor which provided a1600 Words   |  7 PagesEspecially, getting an A+ for a psychology report assignment and genuinely enjoying the process have given me a sense of competence in performing similar tasks such as planning and conducting experiments, analysing results, and evaluating research processes. After additional research, I became aware of various viable career paths associated with psychology, and this had allowed me to establish specific goals (e.g., completing an undergraduate and master’s degree in psychology and becoming a registeredRead MoreCareer Choices For A Hair Stylist887 Words   |  4 PagesExploring career choices can be one of the most tasking process that one will come upon. During my adolescent years, I wanted to tackle the career of a hair stylist. Years passed by, then it changed to nurse, then psychiatrist, and finally settled to one option I am now most passionate about, physic al therapy. Physical therapy captivates me because I yearn to live life to maximum capacity. Not everyone is fortunate enough to live that way due to an unforeseen injury. I want to be there for people

Programming Solution Proposal Essay - 937 Words

Programming Solution Proposal Crystal Wright PRG/210 September 19, 2011 Christopher Stott Programming Solution Proposal â€Å"New York Freelance Technology is a web based organization affiliated with Montana Freelance Technology and GMR Web Services that continues to give you quality hosting at an affordable cost.† (New York Freelance Technology, 2011) Not only does NY Freetech perform web specific tasks, they also handle numerous person to person tasks such as custom computer building, videography and DVD authoring. Their web related tasks include web design, web development, graphics design, web hosting and DNS (domain name system). One thing NY Freetech does not have is a support forum for their customers. To contact customer†¦show more content†¦Write down the database name because it will be needed by the web developer. After creating the database, click on it choose set database permissions and choose a user for that database and set the permissions for that database user for that database. Make note of the user name and password for that user to pass to the developer as well. T hat will all be needed for the forum install. For the file permissions, in webmin choose the others tab and click file manager. Navigate to the forum folder and set the permissions for the files stated in the readme section of the forum software. When this is done, the web developer can create a link on the main page to the forum. When this is done the developer can then navigate in their browser to the location of the forum as noted in the forum software readme. The install page will come up and ask for the database name user and password. After that it will ask a few questions so it can run its install script to configure everything. When it is done it will ask for a forum administrator username and password. At this stage the developer can test the forum and code the theme files of the forum to make it match the look and feel of the website. Now that the roles of the personnel involved must play, we can go over the steps of the development cycle to make sure everything is done in a modular fashion. The first part of the program development cycle has been done. We have alreadyShow MoreRelatedEssay about Leadership Style at Applied Research Technologies, Inc1270 Words   |  6 PagesTECHNOLOGIES, Inc JOHN SMITH Dr. VALERY SHUMATE BUS 518, ASSIGNMENT #1 STRAYER UNIVERSITY Header: Leadership Style at Applied Research Technologies, Inc. 1. Determine the leadership style that Peter Vyas exhibited as he considered the group’s proposal and provide examples of his behavior. As a general manager of the Filtration Unit of Applied Research Technologies (ART), Peter Vyas notices that his teamwork had worked hard diligently to get his project on the right track successfully. The goalRead MorePhases, Steps, Techniques, And Deliverables1333 Words   |  6 PagesPhases Steps Techniques Deliverables Evaluation of present system , gathering the required information and conducting case studies and implementing all those for our system. It contains number of steps preliminary analysis, proposing the required solutions describing the costs and benefits in each phase of Software Development Life Cycle. To execute each and every step in every phase we need to follow some of the techniques like getting known about the nature of the problem etc ,, and determiningRead MoreAnalysis Of CNN Architecture770 Words   |  4 Pagesalgorithm. Extracted features are grouped by a clustering process and each group is evolved by the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. The weights of the CNN are then updated in an unsupervised way to represent the evolved feature vectors. The proposal of clustering extracted features is an interesting approach and, as reported by the author, assisted on the optimization of a CNN together with the metaheuristic used evolve the clustered groups. Even so, this metho d is limited by the predefinedRead MoreThe Bob Woodruff Foundation Ideal Funded Programs888 Words   |  4 Pageshelp out programs that involve themselves in benefiting the people who have done service to our country. It states for a proposal to be considered the proposal must benefit others in these type of ways to improve education and employment, rehabilitation and recovery, and quality of life. It also states mention that The Bob Woodruff Foundation ideal funded programs consist solutions that complement service and resources provided by the U.S Department of Defense and Department of Veteran Affairs. 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We succeeded in having near perfect numbers drawn by the clock, although some improvements can be made on its dimensions to make it more stable while operating. â€Æ' ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr. I, Okoloko Johannes â€Å"joo† HeberleinRead MoreSoftware Methodologies And Frameworks Report1478 Words   |  6 Pagesframework is system in which a basic version of a software is created which can be used later by incorporating additional code to make it an application specific software. Keywords: Frameworks, methodology, agile, Waterfall, Spiral , Scrum, Xtreme Programming; Introduction: A methodology is a formalized approach to implementing the SDLC. The methodology will vary depending on whether the emphasis is on businesses processes or on the data that supports the business. Structured design methodologies adoptRead MoreMulti Objective Optimization Of Environmental And Energy Planning Problems1533 Words   |  7 Pages Research Proposal Research Grant: Bi Nationally Supervised Doctoral Degree PhD (Operations Research) Multiobjective optimization in environmental, economical and energy planning problems Mohammad Asim Nomani PhD Student Department of Statistics Operations Research Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India Mob: +91-9528072689 Email: nomani.aasim@gmail.com Multi-objective optimization in environmental and energy planning Energy policy, environmental planning and economic developmentRead MoreProposal For The Windows Security Management1563 Words   |  7 PagesProposal For the Windows Security Management of â€Å"NextGuard† Organization Introduction NextGard Technologies, an organization located in Phoenix, AZ which have some specific specialization in offering the network consultation services like security and privacy related concerns for the various American clients. 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Transpiration Lab Write Up Free Essays

Transpiration Lab Write Up Purpose/Question: How do environmental factors affect the transpiration process in plants? Research: Transpiration is the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere. Transpiration is essentially evaporation of water from plant leaves. It occurs chiefly at the leaves while their stomata are open for the passage of CO2 and O2 during photosynthesis. We will write a custom essay sample on Transpiration Lab Write Up or any similar topic only for you Order Now Transpiration is not simply a hazard of plant life. It is the â€Å"engine† that pulls water up from the roots to supply photosynthesis (1%-2% of the total), bring minerals from the roots for biosynthesis within the leaf, and cool the leaf. There are four different conditions that affect transpiration. They are wind, humidity, heat, and light. These four conditions may change rate of water loss through transpiration by either losing more water, or less. Plants have adapted to create the C4, and CAM pathway. In the both pathway the plant takes CO2 and stored. Since CO2 can be taken up and stored for later use in photosynthesis, the plant reduces water loss by having less stomata open during the day since most of its needed CO2 has already been taken up at night. With the abundance of CO2 stored, the plant can then use the stored CO2 for photosynthesis and reducing photorespiration by reducing or completely eliminating accidental O2 uptake. Materials: 1) 5 small plants 2) Fish tank 3) Water spray bottle 4) Water 5) Heat lamp 6) Fan 7) Regular lamp 8) Mass weighter ) Place to record weight Procedure: Place Lamp, Heat lamp, fan, and fish tank in different areas where they won’t affect the other. Spray the fish tank with water and to make a humid environment and keep spraying everyday to ensure the tank is wet. Water all of your plants. Weigh all the plants on the original day, Monday, and record the weight. Place a plant in every condition. With the extra plant, place it in an area without a specific condition to use as a control plan t. Do not water the plants the rest of the week. Every day, weigh the plants and record its water loss for every plant. At the end of the week, create a chart for the amount of water loss and compare with the control plant. Data Table: Days | Monday| Tuesday| Wednesday| Thursday| Friday| Windy| 108. 2mg| 101. 1mg| 94. 1mg| 89. 7mg| 81. 7mg| Humidity| 103. 8mg| 103. 4mg| 103. 4mg| 103. 4mg| 103. 1mg| Light| 118. 8mg| 112. 1mg| 105. 0mg| 98. 4mg| 92. 9mg| Heat| 104. 3mg| 95. 8mg| 86. 8mg| 78. 7mg| 70. 1mg| Control| 115. 3mg| 115. 3mg| 115. 3mg| 115. 3mg| 115. 3mg| Analysis: Conclusion: Environmental factors, such as heat, humidity, light and wind, affect the rate of transpiration by making the plant loose either more or less water. In conditions such as wind, when there is no breeze, the air surrounding a leaf becomes increasingly humid thus reducing the rate of transpiration. When a breeze is present, the humid air is carried away and replaced by drier air. The opposite of that is the humidity where the plant lost very little water. It lost very little water because its environment was wet, so the plant did not need to diffuse much water. In heat, the air was hot and dry, so the plant lost water because it’s surrounding needed water to cool it down. Plants transpire more rapidly at higher temperatures because water evaporates more rapidly as the temperature rises. At 30 °C, a leaf may transpire three times as fast as it does at 20 °C. Finally, light lost a steady amount of water because plants transpire more rapidly in the light than in the dark. This is largely because light stimulates the opening of the stomata (mechanism). Light also speeds up transpiration by warming the leaf. I expected these results because it makes sense and I researched before completing the experiment. Some avoidable errors that could have happened would be accidentally splashing water on a plant or putting the conditions too close together. Some unavoidable errors could be the weather outside. Even if the experiment is conducted inside, the hot summer air or cold winter air could drift in the room, affecting the plants transpiration rate. Some further investigations I would make are things such as whether the type of plant affects the rate, or if the type of heat lamp or fan will change the results as well. How to cite Transpiration Lab Write Up, Essay examples

Social Media in Emergency Communication

Question: Discuss about the Social Media in Emergency Communication. Answer: Introduction: We often ignore the power of Social media by labeling it as only a means of socializing. However, in last few years, the popular social networking sites have changed our views. In 2010 and 2011, the devastating event of flood in Victoria can be recalled in this regard. People used the social media to obtain and share information about the flood. Most significantly, The Victoria State Emergency Service (VICSES) also used the social media to share information with the communities in the flood-affected areas. The emergency communication system is organized to support one or two way communication of emergency messages. Emergency notification system is a collection of systems that facilitate broadcast of information to groups of people regarding an emergency. The social media is now being the most useful system in this regard. Even in the absence of mobile services they are disseminating emergency messages to the highest number of people. In the past few years, Facebook and Twitter have shared a significant contribution in emergency communication and disaster response. In the case of flood in Victoria, the social networks, open blogs etc. were used in reaching the people in need, making the public are and last but not the least, organizing the volunteers and the responsible organizations. Organizations like Red Cross have personnel to receive social media messages from the people who need help. The Director of Social Strategies for the Red Cross has once mentioned that during the flood in 2011, people across America altered Red Cross of their needs via Facebook and the organization has connected to thousands of relief seekers via Twitter. On the other hand, many researches following the event of Victoria flood, have explored that people used the Facebook pages to collect information about the wellbeing of their near and dear ones. Moreover, in many cases, people came to know about the event through the Facebook pages and group invitations. In the case of Hurricane Sandy in 2013, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) mentioned that people sent about 20 million Sandy-related Twitter posts regardless the failure of cell phone networks during the storm. Moreover, the FEMA itself has used twitter in its rescue efforts. The eminent utility company PSEG said that they used Twitter to make their customers alert about the storm. Thus, the social networking sites have proved their utility in the case of lost mobile services and other networking methods. As the governmental and credible media sources, need to verify news or information before disseminating to the community, it requires more time than the social media sources. In the context of emergency communication, time is the most important issue. Hence, these social sites have a fundamental advantage in this regard. The ease of using these sites during an emergency is also making it hugely acceptable even to the governmental organizations. Moreover, its affordability and multiple communication paths is continuously making it relevant in the emergency communication services. From addressing the people in need to make the public aware, the social networking sites are doing a commendable job and thus altering the trend of disaster response and emergency communication.

Strategic Change Management

Executive Summary Strategic Change Management has become a strategic role of leaders in various organizations. Various business organizations have come to appreciate the need for change and have designed various methods and approaches of managing change.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Change Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has downed on the management that the market competition requires leaders to embrace change and ensure that they are creative in order to manage market competition. The firm should bring all stakeholders on board and each given a role to play in the process of change management and implementation. The model that firms would use in implementing change is Kurt Lewin Model of unfreeze, change and then freeze. Value based organization is the approach to monitor the implementation of change. The strategies must be implemented in an appropriate time to yield good results. I ntroduction Change is one of the most important factors that an organization must take into consideration when drawing its strategic goals and objectives. Daft (2009, p. 37) simply says that Change is constant. This statement is intriguing yet it is the best philosophical definition of change. The idea that change is constant raises a number of questions. However, from an analytical perspective, change is always inevitable. Daft argues that change brings nothing new in the organization. It only enhances what is already in existence. McCarthy and Eastman (2010, p. 23) say, â€Å"the overarching purpose of change management is to accelerate the speed at which people move successfully through the change process so that anticipated benefits are achieved faster.† As such, change should not be viewed as a shift from the norm. The only issue is that it brings new methodologies of handling the daily activities. In his book, The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning, Henry Mintzberg (19 94), reprimanded himself and others for their sightless adherence to the strategic forecast practice. His disputation rests with the exploration of the authoritative scientific explanation of the future. He demonstrates how planning can asphyxiate obligation, constrict an organization’s dream, make change unfeasible, and lead to the politicization of the affairs of the organization.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More His point is based on the principle that analysis is not synthesis. Therefore, strategic planning is not strategy formulation (p. 321). According to this scholar, many managers would agree that change is one of the defining external factors that influence the operations of the organization. The management is always faced with various problems that would demand changes to solve them. As a starting point, Griffin (2000) classifies the word management as a set of activities, including planning and decision-making, organizing, leading, and controlling, directed at an organization’s resources that is, human, financial, physical, and informational, with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner (p. 6). In the definition, several key concepts are used. Foremost, it is comprehended that management applies uniformly to public, private, nonprofit, and religious organizations. Murphy (2002) was of the view that management is an organizational phenomenon and not exclusive to the world of profit organizations (p. 7). Implementers of Change Individuals charged with the responsibility of implementing changes influence the process. As Anderson (2011, p. 16) says, in most companies, the initiators of change are always part of implementers. In this regard, a number of implementers of change exist. Some are discussed in the subsequent sections. The Management McGregor (1957) in his book The Human Side of Enter prise stated that the management is severely hampered today in its attempts to innovate with respect to the human side of enterprise. This is due to inadequacy of conventional organizational theory (p. 245). The management plays a very important role in the implementation of change in the organization. Given its role of co-coordinating and controlling, the unit has the duty of explaining change to employees and directing them on how these change strategies would be addressed. As such, they have the responsibility of understanding the strategies before explaining them to employees. They are also the financiers of the policies of the organization. They have a role of ensuring that proper finances are allocated towards the implementation of the strategies.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Change Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More General Employees Sharma (2008, p. 26) says that employees have the greatest role to play in the implementation of change strategies. They are the implementers of the firm’s strategies. They have a duty of ensuring that they understand the organizational objectives. They should therefore know how to intertwine the change strategies with the general goals and objectives of the firm. They would receive the policies from the management and implement them in a manner that would generate maximum benefits to the firm’s customers and shareholders. The Recipients of Change As explained above, these individuals are neither the initiators nor implementers of change. Recipients of change may not necessarily involve those individuals that do not have a role in the initiation or implementation of change. According to some scholars, both the initiators and implementers of change may be viewed as the recipients of the change if they are affected by change policies, which is always the case. As such, all stakeholders may be considered recipients of c hange under different contexts. The management would be the recipient of change if it affects the general growth of the firm either positively or negatively. The employees would be recipients if the process would result to benefit increment or change of position held in the firm. Customers would definitely be the recipients through the benefits they would receive from the changed strategies of the firm. The competitors would be recipients if the change would also force them to redefine their own strategies. The government would be the recipient if the change would result to a downward or upward adjustment of the tax they receive from the firm. The organization as a whole would also be considered a recipient of change.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is because the organization would be forced to come up with changes in the production levels and styles and the general new product proposition it would assume in the market. The structures would also feel the effects of change. In every organization, various structures are always put in place to serve various tasks. For instance, the structures put in place at the sales unit would be affected by new changes. The structures may need to be reorganized to reflect the new picture of the firm. Generally, the entire system would have to be restructured. The new design would have to redefine the relationship of the stakeholders in the organization and the new roles that they would play. In the implementation process, care should be taken to avoid chaos at all the stages. Chaos can be the most destructive factor in change management. Chaos, as defined in an older dictionary, is a condition of utter disorder and confusion as the unformed primal state of the universe (Funk and Wagnalls, 1940, p. 208). In a more recent attempt to define the concept, Coveney and Highfield term it as unpredictable and apparently random behavior in dynamic systems (1995, p. 425). In the latter definition, we can see a loosening of the fixed order of the world that was embedded in the first definition. Such scientists as Newton who accepted a fixed-order world as the ideal of objective knowledge laid the foundation (Prigogine, 1996, p. 2). A tenet of the Industrial Age was that some grand design of the universe that needed to be discovered existed. However, current writers and thinkers in the area of systems thinking and Chaos Theory argue that no such fixed design exists. In fact, writers such as Prigogine (1996) now define chaos as the behavior of systems in which close trajectories separate exponentially in time (p. 201). It is therefore the role of everyone to understand the need for change and cooperate in the process of its implementation. This would ensure smooth process of chan ge implementation. Strategies Available for Change Management Government Office for the South West (2004, p. 43) state that it is worth recalling what we are trying to achieve. It should be clear to the team why change is important and what it would achieve. There are giant American companies that were brought to their feet due to either the failure to adopt changes that were needed or poor implementation of change. Whichever the case, the underlying fact is that change is a fixed factor in any organization whose implementation should be done in a conscious manner that would make the firm remain competitive in the market. Rogers Adopters Theory provides the best available strategies for change management. The categories are as follows: Innovators This strategy requires individuals who have a great desire for new ideas. It requires audacity and the willingness to pay the consequences of change. When implemented, the firm would implement changes as soon as they are availed in the busi ness environment. This strategy would be the best for any organization, but the consequences may outweigh the benefits. As such, many firms shy away from it because of the possible negative consequences. The popularity of this strategy is rated at 2.5 percent. Early Adopters Early adoption theory would involve embracing change early enough to be able to reap maximally from it, but after analyzing the consequences that are involved. Early adoption is good, but as innovators, a firm may not have reference to other firms which had implemented the strategy before. As such, many firms would shy away from it for the fear of the unknown. However, given the nature of many organizations, this would be the best strategy that should be employed by in the process of managing change. Early Majority The early majority would adopt change before the average members, but will take precautions by keenly monitoring how the innovators and early adapters were affected by the changes. Although very popul ar, this strategy is dangerous to an innovative company, such the Coca Cola Company because by the time it would be implementing the change, it might be too late to be competitive in the market. Late Majority Late majority are individuals who appreciate that change is necessary, but would want to evade any negative consequences. They would therefore wait for others to implement change and confirm that the consequences are positive. They prefer going through the trodden path. This strategy may not work for companies such as Coca Cola because this industry is very dynamic and by taking this approach, it would always be several steps behind market standards. Laggards Kratschmer (2011, p. 19) describes this category of individuals as tradition keepers. They would want to maintain status quo, and because of this, they would fight any change in the organization. This may not be considered a strategy for change management, but passes as one because it seeks to fight change. Those who hold this strategy would always be suspicious of change and all the change agents. This is the worst strategy of change management. Role of Stakeholders Sirkin, Keenan, and Jackson (2005 p. 2) observe that managing change is tough, but part of the problem is that there is little agreement on what factors influence transformation initiatives. As stated above, the best strategy would be the early adoption. Various stakeholders would have different roles in this strategy. The management has the duty to understand the concept put forth in the specific change item in order to create awareness among employees. The management is also responsible for funding the entire process of change implementation. The employees should be flexible enough to adjust to issues concerning change management. They have the responsibility of positively responding to change and ensuring that the policies of change are well taken and are appropriately implemented. The government, though it may not have direct respons ibility, should ensure that the business environment is kept safe. Top Down Model: System of Change Implementation A system refers to a collection of different units or subsystems, which work as a unit to accomplish a given objective. Companies such as Coca Cola are made of a system of different stakeholders, each with different duties aimed at ensuring the firm’s strategic goals and objectives are achieved. The diagram below shows the stakeholders in this system, as well as how they are related. As shown in the above diagram, the system involves all the members of the organization in their various capacities. In this system, change would be effected from the top management and the lower cadre employees would be doing the implementation activities. The system should be well coordinated in a way that no unit will clash with the other in the process of implementation of change strategies. The management must clearly set the overall goals and objectives of the firm. This should be made known to all members of the organization. The overall objective would be to create a positive differential change to customers. The management would therefore create a system that would act as a wheel. The management, both top and mid level management, would form systems while the junior employees would form subsystems. In this wheel, the management should transfer a desirable rotation to the employees, which would make them rotate customers in favor of the organization. This is demonstrated in the diagram below. All members would share the new objectives, which would redefine the mission of the firm. As seen in the case study, the last and very important part is the implementation of the shared mission. The management should identify various teams and assign them different roles that would help accomplish the objective of the organization. The management should consider developing units in the firm, with each unit having its own specific duties. The stakeholders should fi t into the units, with each unit having specified role to play in the overall policy implementation process. The management can also consider having each specific stakeholder assigned his or her own role in the firm. The objective should be achieved within a specified period. Resistance to Change In many occasions, change would meet a lot of resistance from those who want to maintain status quo. They would ensure that all efforts are directed towards derailing change. Change can be resisted in a number of ways. The first type of resistance to change may involve adoption of the laggard approach. Such an individual would try to cling to the traditional ways of operation as much as possible. Another approach may involve refusal to cooperate in the process of working as a system to implement change. The management can also resist change by failing to advocate for the same to employees. They can also resist change by failing to allocate enough finances for change policies. The best way t o manage any form of resistance is to make every member of the organization understand the need for and the urgency with which change is needed. The management should ensure that all stakeholders are brought on board in the process of implementing change. They should be allowed to share their views and fears about change so that the concerned authorities may address it. Appropriate Model for Change A number of models for change are used by various organizations, given different scenarios. Some of the most popular models of change include ADKAR Model for change, Stephen Covey Seven Habits Model, Kubler Ross Stages of Change and Kurt Lewin’s Strategy of Unfreeze-Change-Refreeze. These strategies are suitable in different scenarios. They have their own advantages and disadvantages that make each most suitable in different applications. Given the scenario of Coca Cola, the best model would be Kurt Lewin’s three staged Model of Change Management of Unfreeze, Change, and the n Freeze. Unfreeze is the first stage where the firm would need to appreciate that given the current market forces, there is need for change. As such, every member of the organization prepares psychologically for a possible change. After unfreezing, the next step is change. The members, having accepted the need for change, would embrace the same and adopt new strategies brought about by change. The freezing stage, also known as refreezing, involves establishing stability after the adoption of change. Strategies for Implementation of Change Model There are measures that should be put in place to ensure that the implementation of change model is successful. The first measure is that there should be a clear procedure of monitoring change. Baekdal, Hansen, Todbjerg and Mikkelsen (2006, p. 7) observe that all models are guidelines. You should always evaluate the relevance of each individual step vs. your situation and your project. Large projects often demands detailed analysis and docum entation, while small projects can be finished with much lesser work. The concerned individuals should know the basis of objectives and goals of the organization. With this, they should assess the effect of change against what was expected. The second measure is that the implementing parties should have a clear timeline for the achievement of various objectives. There should be regular meetings to review the success of the organization. Another measure is that the management should set short-term manageable objectives to be achieved within a given timeline. A mechanism through which objectives would be measured should exist. This way, it would be easy for the management to determine if the implementation process is effective or if some changes might be necessary. Above all, the stakeholders should all be made to appreciate the need for change and the potential benefits that may accrue from the same. Conclusion In a business set up, the top management is always under a constant chall enge of planning how to manage change. Strategic change management has become one of the strategic duties of a firm. It is considered strategic because it affects the entire firm from the top management to the junior most employees, as well as all the departments of the firm. Change management is considered strategic because, just like strategic goals and objectives, change should be initiated by the top management of the organization and channeled to other employees of the organization. Older members of the society, especially those that have already used to a certain way of doing things, may not find it easy to shed their normal ways of approaching their duties. They are used to the normal methods and fear that they may not be in a position to adapt to these changes fast enough and as such would be seen as incompetent. Change must involve all stakeholders in the organization for success to be achieved. The management must incorporate all its stakeholders and assign them different roles in the process of implementing change. Kurt Lewin’s three staged Model of Change Management of Unfreeze, Change, and then Freeze is the best strategy of implementing change in organizations. List of References Anderson, M 2011, Bottom-Line Organization Development: Implementing and Evaluating Strategic Change for Lasting Value, Elsevier, Burlington. Baekdal, T, Hansen, K, Todbjerg L Mikkelsen, H 2006, â€Å"Handle change management projects more effectively† Change Management Handbook, Vol. 1, no. 27, pp 7-57. Coveney, P Highfield, 1995, Frontiers of Complexity: The Search for Order in a Chaotic World, Fawcett Columbine, New York. Daft, R 2009, Organization Theory and Design, Cengage Learning, New York. Government Office for the South West 2004, â€Å"Resource Efficiency and Corporate Responsibility: Managing Change, How to Manage Change in an Organization†, Envirowise and Government Office for South West, Vol. 3, no. 11, pp 10-27. Griffin, R 2002, Manag ement, Houghton Mifflin, Massachusetts. Kratschmer, P 2011, Organizational Culture is Highly Resistant to Change: Discuss, GRIN Verlag, New York. McCarthy, C Eastman, D 2010, â€Å"Change Management Strategies for an Effective EMR Implementation,† Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society, Vol. 1, no. 39, pp 20-41. McGregor, D 1985, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGraw-Hill, New York. Mintzberg, H 1994, The Rise and Fall of Strategic Management, The Free Press, New York. Murphy, R 2000, Strategic Management vs Strategic Leadership: Untying the Gordian knot. Published Proceedings, Academy of Administrative Sciences and Business Conference, Vol. 2, no. 2, pp 89-112. Prigogine, I 1996, The End of Certainty: Time, Chaos, and the New Laws of Nature, The Free Press, New York. Sharma, R 2008, Change Management, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi. Sirkin, H Keenan, P Jackson, A 2005, â€Å"The Hard Side of Change Management†, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 3, no. 4, pp 1-18. This report on Strategic Change Management was written and submitted by user Sonia Sutton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Justice And Civil Liberties

Justice and Civil Liberties The idea of justice and civil liberties has plagued the minds of man since the beginning of civilization. Questions such as, why aren’t we all equal, why is one race of peoples better than another, and should both sexes be equal have been on the minds of people for centuries. The ideas of equality and liberty began showing up before America was a country. Some of these issues were addressed in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, but many unsolved issues remained and still persist to this very day. Throughout the struggle for equality and justice many prominent figures arose. Two of these individuals were Susan B. Anthony and Martin Luther King Jr. Susan B. Anthony was a very strong believer in equality for all and especially in the equality between men and women. Susan B. Anthony was born in 1820 and grew up in a Quaker family with strong abolitionist beliefs. From an early age Susan fought for equal rights for women, she was an advocate of equal pa y for women teachers and coed education. She helped pass a bill in the New York legislature that gave women some control over their children and their earnings. In the 1872 presidential election Susan decided to test whether the 14th amendment of the Constitution, equal protection under the law, applied to women. She tried registering for voting and was arrested. Anther strong opponent of justice and civil liberties, particularly equality amongst African-Americans and Caucasians was Minister Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King was born in 1929 and was the leader of a nonviolent civil rights struggle. Born into a family of ministers, King became a public figure while still in his twenties when he led a bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama. He was frequently threatened or arrested due to his extensive leadership in sit-ins and marches in segregated southern towns and cities, particularly Birmingham, Alabama. Susan B. Antho... Free Essays on Justice And Civil Liberties Free Essays on Justice And Civil Liberties Justice and Civil Liberties The idea of justice and civil liberties has plagued the minds of man since the beginning of civilization. Questions such as, why aren’t we all equal, why is one race of peoples better than another, and should both sexes be equal have been on the minds of people for centuries. The ideas of equality and liberty began showing up before America was a country. Some of these issues were addressed in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, but many unsolved issues remained and still persist to this very day. Throughout the struggle for equality and justice many prominent figures arose. Two of these individuals were Susan B. Anthony and Martin Luther King Jr. Susan B. Anthony was a very strong believer in equality for all and especially in the equality between men and women. Susan B. Anthony was born in 1820 and grew up in a Quaker family with strong abolitionist beliefs. From an early age Susan fought for equal rights for women, she was an advocate of equal pa y for women teachers and coed education. She helped pass a bill in the New York legislature that gave women some control over their children and their earnings. In the 1872 presidential election Susan decided to test whether the 14th amendment of the Constitution, equal protection under the law, applied to women. She tried registering for voting and was arrested. Anther strong opponent of justice and civil liberties, particularly equality amongst African-Americans and Caucasians was Minister Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King was born in 1929 and was the leader of a nonviolent civil rights struggle. Born into a family of ministers, King became a public figure while still in his twenties when he led a bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama. He was frequently threatened or arrested due to his extensive leadership in sit-ins and marches in segregated southern towns and cities, particularly Birmingham, Alabama. Susan B. Antho...

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The Purpose Of ICT In Schools Education Essay

The Purpose Of ICT In Schools Education Essay Introduction: ICT stand for Information Communication Technology is widely spread and essential to play in changing and modernizing educational systems as well as the way of learning. As we know, it is part of many aspects of our daily lives. ICT includes any product that will store, restore, operate, or receive information in a digital form. The computing industry (the Internet, hardware, software); telecommunications (cellular phones, teleconferencing); electronic display (calculator); and other services (including radio, video, television and so on) are just some example of the ICT tools. Studies in ICT include design, physics, information systems and so on. At the same time, many businesses use ICT because it is fast access, storage requirement, allow more than one person access the data at a time, better security, fewer staff etc. In the other hand, ICT is expensive to buy and we may need to be trained before using it as well as the computers may fail to work. Moreover, there are some differences between countries and between schools within countries. In some countries, ICT used into the curriculum, and establish high levels of power. It also appropriate ICT use to support teaching and learning world wide. Schools are in the early phase of using ICT in other country. ICT is characterised as an important way of the learning process and some developments of e-learning. ICT enabled learning but not necessary help to improve in the learning and teaching world. Broadly, there have three major types of ICT. It induced studies that can be identified. 1. ICT has tried by many students of integration into education that consists of infrastructure, such as the pupil-computer ratio, an average number of computers per school and levels of connectivity. There are almost all secondary schools had access to the Internet. Based on the report of European, it shows that ICT performs in schools is continuously increasing. 2. A few studies have taken some time to analysis it to the next level: to existence the benefit of ICT in educational world and also the home use of ICT for educational aims. Here is the example from the research that ICT use in schools is still quite low overall, despite the investment: In most EU countries ICT is not used very frequently using by students at school. But the students had the opportunities to use ICT everywhere. (Pelgrum, 2004). 3. The third level is about the cause and effect: the impact of ICT on learning and teaching. As the authors of the most recent study that they point out the impact of the ICT: it is difficult to identify a causal relationship between computers and educational outcomes (Machin, 2006). There is some evidence to prove that investment in ICT impacts on learning and on teaching. However, there are even fewer studies find that there is no evidence of a positive relationship between computers and educational outcomes. On the other hand, there are theories and studies to describe the implications of ICT for education: education that using ICT which can brings new capabilities to learning. For example, ICT has the potential enabling teachers and students to create an environment that provide an unlimited teaching and learning. As a result, ICT in education can also be broadly categorized in the following way as a subject (computer studies), a tool to support traditional subjects (computer- based learning, presentation, research) and as an administrative tool (education management information systems/EMIS). Contents: Great Impact on teaching, learning and attainment For education, the purpose of ICT is generally to familiarise students and teachers with the use and workings of computers, related social and ethnical issues. It is generally believed that ICT can empower both teachers and learners. It promotes change the development in 21st century. ICT is not only transform teaching but also learning processes. The transformation gets to increase learning gains for students that provide learner an opportunity to develop creativity, communication skills, and other thinking skills. Besides, smart solutions for the future including laptop learning, e-learning, smart classrooms, didactic equipment and stimulations is the key on education today. An entire learning environment is needed in which students, teachers, administrators, and parents can easily communicate and collaborate with each other, share secure information around the clock, and, ultimately, access a world of knowledge beyond classroom walls. http://www3.hants.gov.uk/lit_objectives.gif Follow the picture above, we can see that ICT is very useful to the society especially to the students in colleges. According to ICT adviser Harriet Price, it is benefit that an ICT-rich educational experience brings to the students. She says that technology is an important part of students everyday lives. She makes sure that the necessary software and hardware is available for students to use, while also helping them develop their own ICT skills. As we know, more than half of the students in the groups have a computer or laptop at home as well as access in College that they can search for information regardless of time and place. ICT making all schools smart. That means everyone get different information and knowledge from ICT. As we know, computers are provided in every area in the schools, colleges or labs. Students get the chance to do assignments or group projects by using it. It also increases students knowledge at the same time. Besides, students who have laptop themselves can bring it with them. Training is provided in any colleges as well as to make students to learn more independent in their work. ICT provides quick and easy way in the research to train the society especially for the students today. It has a great impact for the students to have an easy for research and information compare to the earlier period. ICT is saving our time in doing the work. When we have to do our work and search information or example for our assignment in the earlier time, we have to go to library to collect those staff. It is not only to waste our time but also limited in the information we get. On the other hand, we can have our self-test before the exam coming. Besides buying the books for exercise, we can get the question from the internet. It makes students more comfortable to have a test. Moreover, group assignment always assigned by the teachers or lecturer. ICT are like a learning centre that could help to share ideas and understanding to the students. It also teaches us the grammar and improves our English by ourselves. For example, we know that working in pairs was the most useful practice, by using ICT that students can experience with collaborative learning. ICT empowers students to engage in the learning process and giving them an interest in their personal education. By integrating ICT into the classroom, students have the ability to learn more effectively, collaborate with each other, and explore the world around them. Anytime, anywhere access to internet-based tools is necessary to encourage learning inside the classroom and beyond. Today, by using ICT brings many benefits to the young generation especially for the students. For example, some of the students who working part time also has some time to do their College work. In addition, most of the times the students like to use word processing from the processor itself. It is quick and easy to edit their work and improve their presentation by using ICT at a time. Somehow, web is the only way to have quick and easy way to search the information on any topic. ICT is the one to make us easy access a world of knowledge. With a range of ICT equipment, the benefit for students is that a higher quality lessons through greater collaboration between teachers in planning and preparing the resources. It is more focused teaching, tailored to students strengths and weaknesses as well as through better analysis of attainment data. By using ICT, it improved the behavior management through better tracking of students. It is not only gain in understanding but also analytical skills which including improvements in reading comprehension as well as increase the knowledge. Moreover, ICT unknowingly help students improve in their development of writing skills such as spelling, punctuation, editing and grammar, it will become more fluency and originality. Based on the research of Software and Information Industry Association 2000, students who used educational technology in colleges are more successful because they have more active to learn and increase their self-esteem. ICT then enhances and extends the possibilities of learning across the curriculum. Thus, ICT provide more opportunities to show their hard work to an audiences or teachers as well as it is 24 hours. Most students reported that ICT was positively helping them with homework and many pupils indicated that access to internet resources was particularly important. Students also reported that writing was the most common use for ICT outside the colleges and schools, followed by researching. ICT would be important to their future career or to employment. Students get to gain confidence because they could do things and show things they had not been able to do before, that students could explore more and share more ideas with others. In fact, ICT also gives educators the opportunity to transform the way learning happens, and enable student development. ICT present a range of tools that teachers or lecturers use to present and display as part of their teaching and help educators interact with students as well as engage them in a more meaningful way. These technological tools can be determinate designed for education way that it can be software or hardware used in the contexts such as word processors and spreadsheets. The computer tools help the students and teachers manipulate complex data-sets. This then provides context for effective discussion that help to develop subject understanding. ICT is benefit for teachers to sharing of resources, expertise and advice. It is also easier planning and preparation of lessons and designing materials to the students. Sometimes, ICT helps teachers to access to up-to-date students and school data, in any time and anywhere. Enhancement of professional image projected to colleag ues is easier to get by teachers in using ICT. From a teaching point of view, teachers used these devices to deliver to a whole class, could use the digital content effectively that was available to them. Teachers also reported that ICT offered them enhanced resources to support learning through teaching. The levels of interaction, the immediacy and the ability to refresh work, were all indicated as ways in which ICT could enhance the range of teaching approaches taken. In some colleges, teachers were expecting more of the students used ICT- whether this was due to the higher pace in lessons, work being done more quickly. Negative impact on teaching, learning and attainment http://www.game-development.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/online-games.jpg On the other hand, there is some negative effect of the ICT on education way. In college, computer is not enough for teachers to make the best use of ICT in the classroom. Based on the research of Sandhoitz, it will take a lot of time in the classroom even up to a year with the support of experienced team. Teachers sometime always depend on the information that searched by the web. It may make a mistake. Information from the web or internet that mostly came or wrote from personals opinion. It is not all facts by the way. Teacher who depend more on the ICT do not perform well as a teacher. Students, however, feel lazy to attend the class if they can easily get the study material from the web. It will change their behavior to become more irresponsible. Lets say lecturer give an assignment to the students, they may not understand if they never attend that class. The technological reliability was important and yet the students could respond negatively to a resource, both of teaching and technology. Across the school or colleges, students might not value ICT that spent too much time on presentation needs and copying without reading and understanding. At the same time, students will search the information from the web and caught by cutting and pasting. Through the behavior like this, it will cause their result and their reliability by other. By then the students will access the internet for other things, for example, facebook, MSN, Yahoo, Twitter and others. While the lecturer having the lesson in front, they will not pay more attention to the lecturer. The cause of the res ult will affect them to retake the whole semester. Money will become the issue right now. Then, it had created severe problem to the students. To those who always play computer and using the instant message that they will choose online communication rather than having real life conversation with the teachers. For example, when they having flu and will not be attending the class or lesson, they might e-mail the lecturer rather than call the teachers. When the problem deteriorates, students will become unusual when they meet outsiders. Furthermore, the students sitting in front of the computer for a long time may cause health problem. Health problem such as stress and eyes strain can effect a student in their education way. By then ICT also created more illegal act such as pornography. Those students who affected by the pornography may cause the effect on their education. The students will waste time by using ICT better than study on their work. Overall, the evidence on the impact on attainment of learning through ICT remains inconsistent, however. Great impact on practitioners and schools http://edutechdebate.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/system-wide-apporach.jpg The introduction of ICT into schools has had an impact on teachers in terms of their overall workload that including planning, lesson preparation as well as on the ways in which these are coordinated and managed within the school and wider educational context. The availability of ICT itself has sufficient to enhance learning and teaching. Teachers have to be confident in their own ICT capacity and understand the potential benefits of using ICT in a planned. In advance, using ICT is to support teacher development for e-learning. Like students, teachers learn in different ways and they need to be able to access support when they needed. The provision of improved connectivity, among other developments, has allowed teachers to take advantage of online access to resources. As a result of access to resources at a time, teachers have greater control over the planning and preparation. By then teachers have expressed concern about knowing which resources are worthwhile and more research on the impact and availability of online resources. Such case studies provide evidence of changes in the ways in which teachers are approaching their role within the classroom. It is a better understanding of how teachers interact with the online environment. Then, there is an impact of ICT in the classroom on the teachers role. While gaining confidence and competence in the use of the technologies is to support e-learning, evidence is on the impact of using ICT on other aspects of the teachers role. Some forms of learning through ICT, the use of shared resources and collaborative learning, where the teachers facilitates rather than direct learning, might be difficult for some to accept. It is an impact of ICT on administration and overall workload. Once teachers have brought the technicalities involved with classroom- related hardware and software resources, they can enhance their teaching. This can be used to create additional teaching resources. Use of ICT for assessment purposes can also release valuable teacher time. Within schools, those specific technological developments such as connectivity via broadband access to internet will regard to the personalization of the learning experience. A key strand to embed ICT in schools has been and that of networking within schools and also across the education sector. Broadly speaking, schools recognize that systems can improve effectiveness and reduce costs. Across schools, using ICT to manage data was found to promote teaching and learning by facilitating more effective timetabling. The most effective tools were found to be school- devised systems and the use of Excel spreadsheets. As we know, school data was in forming the setting and in compiling reports to parents. Improved access to ICT, schools networks for teaching and planning were also identified as potential strategies. Use of ICT in schools tended to be raising the quality of the work produced by teachers such as presentations and reports, rather than saving time. ICT was also the key factor to improving efficiency, along with staff by using the software and hardware. Furthermore, teachers also perceived benefits in managing, storing and other work such as preparing reports with the time saved. Looking ahead, ICT would make teachers more effective in their work over 12 months. In order to be in the use of ICT to support learning and teaching, schools need to be e-confident. That means displaying a number of characteristics at a level. Thus, the internet has increased significantly the range of resources to support and stimulate learning and teaching across the curriculum and at all levels. It has also provided the means by which access to range of services, including libraries and careers services, can be brought together in one place. As ICT becomes part of the everyday life of the schools, there is a need to ensure the participation in the learning opportunities provided. Here, teachers can identify their own professional development needs and find solutions. Conclusion In todays interconnected world, information and communication technology (ICT) is widely used by our nation and it affects our lives every day. ICT gives great impact in education for the learners and teachers. ICT has become a key driver in education way. ICT has been identified by a range of important wider benefits of ICT on learning. The positive impact of ICT on students skills and teamwork are included. ICT also help student and teacher with activities that provided in the websites. That kind of activities gives ideas to the teachers in their teaching, so that students enjoy the class. Students learn more independently at the same time. They will take more responsibility for learning process. As seen, ICT can benefit both strong and weak students with their special needs. By the way, they especially improved the performance in students English and on writing skills. ICT is a part of socially system integrating meaningful communication within an education system. We can use it for analyzing the processes, meanings and functions of ICT in education. ICT also provided the research for us when we have to do the assignments. ICT is also one of the tools that have easy communication to other in foreign country. It saves the cost and time. Schools use ICT to make both students and teachers an easy way to their work. Different information and opinion can get from the web-sites. In addition, ICT provides wide array of information and effective lessons. That is also easy for students to do their work by using word processing. It makes our projects or assignments more neat and tidy. From the education system point of view, e- could mean enhanced education rather than electronic education. Consequently, ICT has a great impact to the society especially on education. On the other hand, ICT also has a bad impact on education system. Teachers will more depend on the ICT and not giving their knowledge to the students. The information and knowledge are not necessary correct from the web-sites. We have to more careful when having the research from the web. Teachers, however, will not increase their vision. Moreover, it will cause the effect on the students. Students may not be interested in the way teachers teach. They will more focus on the web such as Facebook, MSN, and Twitter. It unknowingly influences their result in the class. It also changes their behavior to the teachers in school. Students who generally communicate with friends by the ICT will caused a problem in communicate face to face to other. It is not only has an impact on character but also their attitude. Somehow, it will become more rebellious when influence by the illegal staff. Today, we can seen that have many teenagers use two or three phones. It will cause them not to pay attention in the lesson time. In a conclusion, ICT can be both advantages and disadvantages on education sector. We have to careful by using it. Internet, TV, radio and others are the ICT that provide the news and information to us. We can increase our vision when we have it. But, when we too focus on these staff, we may cause health problem by using it. We have to be wise in using it.

Keeping Close to Home Essay

Bell Hooks essay â€Å"Keeping Close to Home†, describes her struggles after she was accepted at Stanford University to further her self-realization. In this essay Hooks talks about her journey to educate herself and no losing her sense of where she came from as African American woman from a working class background. Hooks parents wanted her to go to a school close to home, a non-diverse like Stanford was. They wanted her to go to a school no just close to home but were the majority were black too. Her family biggest fear was her daughter changing her mind or losing her values and the connection with them. They knew college change people. However Hooks found the way to keep close to home by visiting every year, sometimes when she couldn’t go home because she didn’t have the money to travel, she had to stay at school, she expresses in a passage how her family wasn’t happy or supportive about her decision about her going to Stanford. As she said â€Å"My pa rents had not being delighted that I had been accepted ad adamantly opposed my going so far from home. At the same time, I did not see their opposition as an expression of their fear that they would lose me forever, â€Å"Like many working-class folks, they feared what college education might do to their children’s even as they unenthusiastically acknowledge its importance† (101). Most kids have a very strong knowledge about were they come from like Hooks was, opposite to some others which doesn’t, this make them to be weak, they could change their values and they might forget about their families and community. . When kids go to college they are in touch with many different people from different backgrounds. It is normal that their parents could be afraid of their kids changing their minds afterwards they will be living away from home and this could happen. This changes depend on how strong their roots are. Having no contact with no contact with their families that could happen, like Hooks explains on her essay when she said â€Å"Often I tell students from poor and working-class backgrounds that if you believe [that] what you have learned and are learning in schools and universities separates you from your past, this is precisely what will happen. It is important to stand firm in the conviction that nothing can  truly separate us from our pasts when we nurture and cherish that connection† (108). The best way to maintain the values our family gave us when we go away from home either to college or to live far from our families is keeping in touch with them for this purpose talk to our families once in a while will be good also never forget were we came from. When I read Hooks essay, this send me back in time to the year of 1979 when I graduate from High School. As I was reading her essay I felt that Hooks and I had the same struggles. Before I graduate from High School I had my mind set about going to college. My family was very poor. My mother was always a very hard worker woman, she ironed all the neighborhood clothing. I am very proud of my mother being a single mother she was capable to race my little sister and I all by herself after my dad past away when I was twelve years old Hooks’s talks about how proud she was about her father too when she said â€Å" â€Å" I never knew how poor we were until I needed to go to college. I knew I will need to find a job to fu rther my education. Hooks reveals all the pain and struggles she had after she was accepted at Stanford, how her parents were not supportive. I had the same exact struggles. My mother was very upset when I told her about my decision on going to school, she argues with me about how her friend’s kids never came back to their homes and how they stop visiting their parents after they went to school. My mother was not being very supportive like Hooks parents were. She teaches us to how to be loving, caring, how to respect each other in the family and everyone else. She wanted for me just to find a job close to my house, she even talked with the owners of this pharmacy on the corner of my house to give me a job as a cashier. She said I should stay home and help her with the house chores, she never thought I could be anything more than a housekeeping. We lived in a very small town called Villa Canales which was eight hours away from the college I decided to go. That was the most painful decision I had ever made. After all I was the first generation going to college. My family was very tight with very strong values. My sister and I used to spend all our summers vacations at my grandma’s house when we were little, we loved to listen all the stories she had to tell us, while we grow up. This made my family very similar to Hooks’s family. However my mother was afraid of me being far from her and my little sister and forget about them which didn’t happen. Even when the communication was not easy in Guatemala where I grow  up, I did all my efforts maintaining communication with my family. Distance was not enough reason for me to stop keeping in touch with them the same and never forget about all the instructions she gave me. The same way Hooks never stopped her contact and communication with her family. The purpose of her essay is to argue about that students coming from a working class background should not be ashamed where they come from nor either forget about their families. Going to school far from home shouldn’t change people, at least no their values. To keep this values intact people needs to keep the connection as Hooks did by keeping in touch with her family and community. Universities separates families this should not happen because the only way we keep our values is being tight with our families.

Analyse How an Adaptation of Your Choice Deals with Gender †Catwoman Essay

The representation of female super heroes in the media can be said to have had huge institutional, political and social influences that would suggest those in power are favoured at the expense of those without. Female super heroes tend to promote sexualisation and stereotypical gender roles of women, throughout comic books and super hero movies, but why? In this essay I will look at the character of Catwoman, and her representation as a female, particularly in the 2004 adaptation film â€Å"Catwoman†. Originally, she is an iconic character in the batman series. Created in 1940 by Bob Kane (batman creator) and Bill Finger, she has had a strong presence in batman comics and adaptations since then. Her role as a mysterious burglar and jewel thief led her to just miss out on a place in the top ten, ranking 11th in IGN’s ‘Top 100 comic book Villains of all time’ (2009) and 51st in Wizard magazines ‘100 greatest villains of all time’ list (2006). The character has been used in hundreds of comic books, as well as video games, radio stations, TV series, animated series and films. Although she is featured in mostly batman productions and texts, Catwoman was given her first comic book series in 1993, written mostly by Jim Balent. Several years down the line, Catwoman stared as the lead role in the feature film, made in 2004. The movie was an example of post feminism at its best, as in the 1970’s, only 15% of action adventure movies cast female leads. The movie was directed by Pitof and was released on July 23 by Warner Bros. and Village Roadshow Pictures. The cast members include Halle Berry, who plays Catwoman, Benjamin Bratt, Sharon Stone and Frances Conroy. I have chosen to analyse this movie because females are not usually given dominant roles in superhero movies, especially as the lead character. There are many stereotypes that surround women, and I believe this movie challenges those. The film was inspired by the DC comics villain of the same name, however stars a new character, Patience Phillips. There are several similarities to the original character. For example, she has similar office job and is killed by someone she works for. In the 1992 movie staring Michelle Pfeiffer, she uncovers a dark secret in the company and is thrown to her death from a great height. The plot for the more recent movie is very like its predecessor. In both versions she is brought back to life by a group of wild cats. However the most relevant similarity is her appearance and costume. Throughout the film, Catwoman is dressed in a tight black latex costume, black connoting mystery and evil. This material is often associated with sexuality; it clings to her body and shows off her curves. Over the years her costumes have become even more provocative, with this Catwoman being more fetish than ever. These clothes represent Catwoman as a sexual image to be looked at by the opposite sex. Laura Mulvey describes this as the Male Gaze. She explains â€Å"In their traditional exhibitionist role, women are simultaneously looked at and displayed with their appearance, coded for strong visual and erotic impact so it can be said to connote to-be-looked-at-ness. † (1975, p33). It is arguable that woman in the genre of action, drama and super hero are not represented as women, rather an object of sexual desire. The women featured in such genres are slim, pretty, and all wear tight clothing. Lillian Robinson refers to woman super heroes as a pin up girl in a cape, rather than genuine characters (2006). The skimpy outfit has great erotic significance (Richard Reynolds 1994) and could create a negative portrayal of females, as well as being a very bad influence for the young women and girls who watch the movie, or read the comics. Clearly, the media heavily influences teenagers already. They follow the latest fashion trends from celebrities, coolest haircuts, and they diet and loose weight to look like the people they see on TV and in magazines. They look up to the people in the media, and the image of Halle Berry in the cat suit, may encourage young girls to objectify themselves in a similar way. Already, Playboy as a brand has become a fashionable thing, for young girls even at the age of 8. They have the playboy bunny pencil cases, posters and duvet covers. Just like this, cat woman may encourage youthful girls to dress inappropriately with increased sexuality. Even Catwoman’s make-up connotes sexualisation. Her lips are painted scarlet red, which draws your attention straight to her mouth, as well as being the colour of lust to stimulate sexual arousal. This idea is due to the fact men and women have more blood flowing through their lips whilst aroused, turning them a darker shade. Halle Berry was most likely cast because of her beauty. Her eyes, lips, body and sex appeal come before everything else in the movie, (Roger Ebert, 2006). The director of this movie has chosen to portray her as an object of sexual desire for men, rather than a role model for the power and liberation of women. Typical of Hollywood movies, the overtly sexualised view of women is rooted in the darkest chamber of male desire, (Kevin Maher, 2005). She appears powerful and dominant, however, she is in fact the opposite, and inferior to the gaze of men. Laura Mulvey says in her book Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, â€Å"Women as image, men as bearer of the look†, (1975). Personally this idea is predictable and brings nothing new to the genre. Wonder Woman first appeared on screen wearing a gold bra and blue knickers, and in those 36 years gone by, you have to ask yourself, why do superheroes need to be dressed so provocatively? Why can’t the action hero fight crime and ‘kick ass’ in a baggy jumper and a pair of dungarees? Kevin Maher, 2005). I believe the reason behind this is due to the fact that the representation of characters such as Catwoman and Wonder Woman where created by those with power over women. The institution DC comics created both in the 1940’s, which was largely if not entirely controlled by men. Women had no control over their creation and as powerful as Catwoman may be, she is still just an image of the male gaze. Created in a time where females had no authority, they where not able to argue against what could be considered as an unfair representation. Angelia McRobbie has a theory in defence of this sexualised representation, and believes men did not create this image. Women have gained the equality they where fighting for, and now they are using their assets to their advantages. In this case, Catwoman is willingly showing of her body to attract the male gaze, because it gives her power over men. She summarises that post feminism positively draws on and invokes feminism, (1994). However it’s not all negative, Over time things have changed, the presence of female leads in the super hero genre has increased, and to an extent therefore, time has favoured the female lead. Some 50 years ago, males where seen as the hero, there to protect the fragile women. Superman and Lois Lane are a classic example of where the lead role is given to a man, he is strong and courageous, while Lois is inferior to him, she has no special abilities and relies on him completely. However, the number of women in this genre proves a success for the feminist woman and an improvement in today’s society. Iconic actresses such as Angelina Jolie and Uma Thurman have stared as the female lead in modern action movies. Lara Croft, Tomb Raider and Kill Bill are both examples of woman taking active roles, and how accepting it is in this particular genre. Jolie also stared in Mr and Mrs Smith, which showed her as an equal to her husband, just as strong and just as capable of fulfilling the dominant lead. Catwoman has evolved over time, first known as The Cat in DC comics; she then progressed onto TV screens. Her sexual appearance made her an object of desire to the eyes of the male audience, and a role model to girls who wanted to be her, Suzan Colon (2004). In the Halle Berry adaptation, Catwoman is reborn a new woman, sleek, sexy, ambitious and not held back by the restraints of society. She is rebellious and follows her own desires as a feline crime fighter. This representation of Catwoman forces the question that perhaps contemporary women are constrained by the rules of society and are not free. Catwoman challenges the female stereotype and adopts the masculine lead role in this superhero movie. She is a protagonist, independent and capable of standing alone. A crucial scene in the movie shows Catwoman arguing with a large masculine looking man. She demands he turn down his music, which results in her physically attacking him. The argument ends with him lying on the floor with her foot on top of him. This scene portrays her as superior to the man, and the physical pose makes him vulnerable to her. This scene is important, because when she was her human self, known as Patience, the man would not listen to her. As Catwoman, her voice is heard. Simone de Beauvior Invokes ‘the independent women’ who wants to be active, wants to take things for themselves and refuses the passivity men try and want to impose on her. The modern woman accepts masculine values; she prides herself on thinking, getting a job and working to pay her own way, existing on the same terms as man, (1949). Catwoman does exactly that. She completely demolishes feminine stereotypes at the end of the movie when she rejects the love interest and chooses to be a free independent woman. She is not reliant on anyone, especially a man and because of that, I believe this movie demonstrates a victory for women. â€Å"Freedom is power† (Catwoman, 2004). Motivated by revenge, no man stands in her way. However another scene tells a very different story and shows off Catwoman as purely a vision of sexual desire. As she is transformed from patience Phillips, into Catwoman, supposedly now free and independent, we are reminded of her physical qualities. ‘Reminded’ is an understatement actually; it’s thrown in our faces. As she walks across a rooftop the camera angle starts from her feet, moves up her legs and to the top of her body. Paying particular attention to her bum, first impressions are everything! This scene completely confirms Mulvey’s theory, and as Liz Wells suggests, certain films objectify the female star, (2004). However Catwoman is not the only dominant female in this movie. Hedare Beauty is the company Patience works for, and is run by a man named George, or so you are made to believe. Yet in fact, the one calling all the shots is his wife, Laurel. She is controlling the strings of her puppet husband and forces him to her way of thinking. She is an evil, sinister character, full of greed, and in the end she kills her husband in cold blood. She is the villain in this movie, but also a woman in power and free from the constraints of society. In the early 1970’s, after the second wave of feminism, more women were gaining better professions and breaking out of the stereotypical roles. The post modern figure of a female became more appealing to both genders, and resulted in women wanting to achieve higher status in the world of work. An example of such acceptance was seen in the recently released song by male pop artist Ne-Yo, called ‘Miss Independent’. This continues the suggestion of the need for change in the way female super heroes where represented in order to capture the post-modern audience. Catwoman and Laurel Hedare are both great examples of female presence in superhero movies and the result of female empowerment. Judith Butler brings an interesting theory to the table. She believes gender is free floating, rather than fixed, that males and females aren’t simply masculine and feminine. She says that gender is a performance, rather than an aspect of our identity and we behave differently on different occasions. This theory suggests Catwoman isn’t necessarily challenging gender roles by taking on the masculine super hero, but rather an act she’s choosing to play. Women can be masculine because the individual chooses their gender identity. â€Å"When the constructed status of gender is theorized as radically independent of sex, gender itself becomes a free floating artifice, with the consequence that man and masculine might just as easily signify a female body as a male one, and woman and feminine a male body as easily as a female one† (Judith Butler, 1990, p6). Interestingly she suggests that if there where no longer conventional roles for either gender it would be considered the norm for a woman to be in a position of power at work or for a man to stay at home looking after the children. After looking into the history of Catwoman, her creation, and other adaptations in the past, I believe her image is over sexualised. The film is centralised around a beautiful woman, wearing the sexy, tight black costume to do none other than attract male attention. They do however promote that she is a powerful woman and has the freedom to do as she pleases. The fact that a female is the lead role in a movie of this genre is a positive thing. Although the message left behind is that to have freedom and power, you have to entail being objectified. In the end, this movie has done the same as its predecessors, portray woman in a sexualised, unrealistic and in a possibly insulting way.